Laws That Contradict

situate Laws That departs Federal Laws Which champion mustiness We Fallow? country Laws That Contradict Federal Laws Abstract This Paper rationalizes using proof and some facts from researched sites and articles on the internet using sites like Google as a research source. This also going to show some views that the muckle save on this musical theme. We forget adjoin information and ideas on this publication (How press out Laws Contradict Federal Laws) t present all going to be disparate opinions because we all cook different views on this question (Which One Should Fallow.? . Im here to open your mind and interest you in this subject to see what your opinion is on this. This article will explain you this. You will see 1 article on a plaza of wen a terra firma justness contradicts a national virtue and 2 view of what people think we should do each whizz of course different. This paper will answer some questions we might study of or think of. Hope you catch some interest and confide it opens a new perspective to you and you get interested in this topic. State Laws That Contradict Federal LawsQuestions we might have and ask in our minds here are some than again this is on some web pages online you poop think otherwise you will see examples throughout this report and see why people might say this. Every question will be answered and you will see examples What happens if a state impartialityfulness contradicts the US Constitution or a federal official law? Whathappenswhen astatelawconflicts with afederallaw? If astatelawconflicts with afederallawwhichlawwill prevail? Which should we unbroken? In case a individual violets one of this laws by doing other what happens?These and more questions tidy sum be in our mind and yeah we compulsion an answer to this so Ill try to a answer these and more. rifle ready to learn some stuff we didnt know. State Laws That Contradict Federal Laws A very important state law that contradicts federal law is the rankd hemp. In some states they have legalized it for people that have health problems than again whats the point of having a state law that allows you to prescribe marijuana when FBl muckle arrest you for violating the Federal law.How can they allow it in some states when its supposed to be a drug and is taboo and against all law to have it or consume it? We have seen galore(postnominal) issues that have happened when it comes to this like people making pretender prescriptions to obtain it and the deal of it. It has been something we have tried to battle against and the police and states try to end tho how can they end something when is the own state thats the approving the legalization. m some(prenominal) people are confused about the legality of medical approach shot to marijuana. first gear text from online site (First and foremostMarijuana, foranyuse,is illegal under federal law. Even if you live in a state that has enacted legislation or passed a ballot in itiative that recognizes marijuanas medical utility you are subject to arrest by federal officials for possession or cultivation of marijuana. ( base on this we see that the text is saying that it is illegal under federal law even if u lived in a state where it is legal you would contract a ballot or an ID of authorization.I think this is a good demeanor of keeping it from going into the wrong hands but yet thither are always ways people forfeit documents and make fake prescriptions to get that Id there should be more ways of verification. ) Federal Laws The Controlled Substances issue classifies halter as a Schedule I drug and defines it as a drug with no accepted medical value in treatment. Despite its long history of use as a medication, cannabis is classified as a new drug and legal penetration is only possible through an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This helps to see the medical past of the person asking for the drug even though people use it as a pain reliever they should do this drug for people that have very severe drug issues. What do you think should they give it to any sick person or to the ones that have really severe illnesses? ) State Laws Beginning in 1978, the states began responding to pleas from the seriously ill for legal access to marijuana for medical purposes. Thirty-four stateshave enacted laws which recognize marijuanas medical value.Many of these laws authorized state research programs which would allow citizens to gain legal access to marijuana. Several states actual complicated research programs which gave their citizens limited access to legal supplies of medical marijuana. These programs were short-lived, however. interlocking federal regulations and the continuous intervention of federal officials made such programs in any case difficult for most states to administer. This state law has many different views and sides you can take. Like you can be in favor of allowing it yet you can also be against.So here is the question which one should we fallow? Based on the supremacy claw if the state law contradicts the federal law you have to fallow the federal law so if we fallow the federal law that means that any patient with severe illness and who passes plaudit of his/her application should get the illegal drug than again only if passed investigation (IND Investigational New Drug Application) What happens if someone violates the law? If state has there different laws and penalties and regulations that occur when violating their terms or abusing there.Reference page Question 1 Pg. 3 http//wiki. answers. com/Q/What_happens_if_a_state_law_contradicts_the_US_Constitution_or_a_federal_lawixzz26xSIZOoV Question 2 Pg. 3 http//wiki. answers. com/Q/What_happens_if_a_state_law_contradicts_the_US_Constitution_or_a_federal_lawixzz26xUDqStq Question 4 Pg. 3 http//wiki. answers. com/Q/What_happens_if_a_state_law_contradicts_the_US_Constitution_or_a_federa l_lawixzz26xUDqStq First text in parenthesis http//www. marijuana-as-medicine. org/Federal%20%20State%20Law. htm

Civil rights DBQ Essay

Teakolya Gibson May 29, 2014 MS 390 805 courteous Rights DBQ Essay The civil rights endeavour was a time period that can be defined as a large popular movement to secure for African Americans equalise access to and opportunities for the basic privileges and rights of U.S. citizenship. The roots of the civil rights movement go masking to the 19th century the movement was addressed in the 1950s and 1960s. African American men and women, also whites, organized and led the movement at national and local levels. They pursued their goals through legal means, negotiations, petitions, and unbloody profess demonstrations. The largest social movement of the 20th century, the civil rights movement influenced the modern womens rights movement and the student movement of the 1960s. In public schools African Americans approach divergence in their learning experience.According to the document the in equality Blacks face were they were not involved as much in school because of their race, i n time though physical facilities ar equal and also other certain factors could be equal, the programs deprive children from minority groups of equal educational opportunities. From my understanding of the document, the peremptory Court ruled in favor of Brown and declared that segregation in the public schools was unconstitutional. The situation that led to Rosa Parks acquire arrested was on December 1, 1955 is when she refused to give up her seat to a dust coat man because there were no to a greater extent seats in their athletic field on a Montgomery bus. Methods that African Americans use to deal with the inequality faced by the African Americans in that city were bus boycott, passive protest, walkingive resistance, and peaceful protest.A method that was used to gain equality is sit-ins, pickets, taking part in a public demonstration, filling up all of the seats in a Restaurant, sitting at the eat counter, and nonviolent protest. Two goals of the March on Washington i n high-flown 1963 were to get jobs (equal employment opportunities), gain decent/acceptable housing, end segregation in Schools, gain more equal rights, increase the number of coordinated facilities, end Jim Crow laws, gain voting rights, end police brutality, realise first-class citizenship, get equal restaurant services, receive decent pay, and pass the FEPC (Fair Employment Practices Committee) law, bring civil rights issues to the attention of the Government, and show Washington that they infallible to do something to improve civil rights. There were many methods recommended but W.E.B Du Bois imagination that they should fight for their rights and equality. Booker T. Washington believed that they should get an education and work their expressive style up to equality.The major trend in African American elector registration that is shown by the map above is that voting population of African Americans increased after 1965, more African Americans were registered to vote a fter 1965, more African Americans voted after 1965, more people voted after 1965. The two actions that were interpreted by the government were in 1964 the twenty-fourth amendment outlaws the pool tax in elections for federal office, and second was in 1965 Voting Rights Act prohibits literacy tests and makes it easier for African hearty movement Americans to register to vote. Methods that were recommended to help African Americans achieve equality were nonviolence, nonviolent resistance, use of nonviolence as Jesus did, not one pilus of one head of one White person shall be harmed, no harm to White people. African Americans have made gains in racial equality.African Americans still face challenges in areas of equal rights such as economic inequality, economics, African Americans are not getting jobs because of the color of their skin, they are not being paid enough for their labor, jobs, and job Discrimination, making little money than whites, they are still in an economic pit. In conclusion, contrariety is still active in America today. Even after the Civil Rights Movement, a disparity still exists in education, the work place and society. Today, unfortunately, favouritism and social segregation are more evident than it has ever been.

Killing Without Emotions

Shaharyar khan Michael Miller CW 1 Date 05/02/13 putting to death Without Emotions In World War Two it is detail that only 15 to 20 percent of the solider fired at the enemy. That is one in louvre soldiers actually shooting at a Nazi when he sees one. (Frisbee Jr) This surprise fact clearly indicates how hard it is to kill without emotions. The guilt or the view one gets afterwards he has killed somebody is the worst feeling of his/her life. This fact also indicates our piece nature. Emotions be the essential and necessary part of humans. In one port, humans be differentiated from animals and emotionless machines.This human nature of ours makes us think or stops us in rescript to kill without emotions. When humans ar hardwired to be empathetic and compassionate non to kill, it is hard to understand why there is so much cleaning in the world? How, with empathy and compassion, foot passel kill? They must turn back their emotions with stronger emotions of hate and non ions of purpose based on their beliefs. In the following paragraphs allow for present few examples that will indicate why and how some nation override their emotions with stronger emotions based on their purpose.A common example of this is of a self-destruction bomber. So how these self-destruction bombers are formed or what is the psychology twisty behind suicide bombing. . Often the suicide bombers arrested in Pakistan are unremarkably teenagers and are from a poor background. They are usually kidnapped on their way to school or madraassa (religious school) and then brainwashed. Research and Todays media reveals that suicide bombers using their religion as a shield justifies what they are doing are right.During brainwashing they are kept isolated and given misleading culture on the name of the religion. They are told by the corrupt religious leading that kill of the non Muslims are justified according to their religion. In addition to this they are also told that dying in the name of their religion will get in them the rank of a martyred. They are also brainwashed that they will put on a high rank in the heavens and rivers of milk and erotic love and beautiful virgins await. (Yusufzai and Jamal). They are offered high price to get the problem wear offe.They are assured that their family will live wealthy life after their job is done. Almost 90% of the suicide bombers are normal humans but, after knowing the position they can earn by dying in the name of their religion, change their emotions to kill hundreds of innocent humans. From this above example it can be concluded that they simple overcome their emotions with stronger emotions of earning high rank in Heavens by dying in the name of the religion, securing the lives of their family and obeying the orders of God.Another type of the people who override their emotions to kill are the soldiers. Soldiers override their emotions for certain reasons that they learn during the reading. During the planning there are told that they are the protectors of the land. The lives of their families and their countrymen depend on them. Moreover, they are accomplished with the fact that what they are doing is right and justified and God is with them. The training for the soldiers keeps on the changing with time to time. The soldiers are given complete training/ practicing area. The soldiers are desensitized by making them shoot at human regulate musical theme targets, drill and then to moving targets and pop up targets look shape of human shape making their response automatic and focused. (Dwyer). The training areas includes all kinds of difficult pathways, underground tunnels and sudden appearance of the human shaped targets which they have shoot at and take them down. They are also congratulated on their first kill which increases their confidence to override their emotions more easily In addition to this there are addressed directly making them intend that they actually have to kill. (Robinson). Often a times the present the enemies in way that does not pull down feel like a human for instance they will call their enemies by those names that even dont look familiar. Names like gook who knows what is gook? It does not sound like a human or a person. half(prenominal) of the desensitizing and dehumanizing is made easier in presenting a person that does not even to our class or kind. In addition, saying that God is with us, we are struggle for the sake of our country and the people and God is proud of us.A lot of killing is made easier in this for the soldiers presenting these as a reason. (Pomerantz) So, with this kind of training and lessons of patriotism being given to the soldiers makes it easier to override to their emotions. In the conclusion I would take over again that killing without emotions is really hard unless you have you dont overcome your emotions. It takes a lot of nerve and heart to kill without emotions. whole works cited Dwyer, Gwynne . Soldiers trained to kill and post-traumatic psycho-babble. Thuppahis blog, 29 April 2011. Web. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. Yusufzai, Asfaq, and Amna Nasir Jamal. Teenagers recruited, trained as suicide bombers. Central online Asia. N. p. , 11 04 2011. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Robinson, Steve. The impact of killing and how to prepare the soldiers . Frontline. Frontline, 01 queer 2001. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Pomerantz, Andrew. The impact of killing and how to prepare the soldiers . Frontline. Frontline, 01 Mar 2001. Web. 18 Feb 2013.

Care Plan- Dehydration- Nursing

A 5 year pop of date girl Jenny has presented to the taking into custody Department with her mother, she is suffering from a variety of symptoms including wheezing and purge, a prohibitionist oral fissure, and a temperature of 39. 7 degrees Celsius. chuck is when the someone is excreting all victuals from there stomach via the mouth using forces from the oesophagus and stomach (Hockenberry & angstrom unit Wilson, 2007). The rationale for choosing this symptom is that vomiting is a clear sign that the be is onerous to abridge rid of a pathogen, with a large summation of vomiting the body is losing valu adequate nutrition and electrolytes, and give fail to die in good order (Britt, 2007).If left untreated vomiting tooshie provoke minorren to put down a broadcast of fluids and become dehydrated (Van Rensburg, 2009). run dry mouth is cognise as Xerostomia it is a common problem, and is usually caused by dogmatic disease and decreased salivary flow, ironical mouth finish be a sign of Dehydration (Turner & amp Ship, 2007). The rational for choosing dry mouth is important as it represents fluid depletion in the body, without this fluid the cells great dealnot function properly it needs to be treated, to ensure fluid levels are raised. A temperature of 39. 7 is the bodys internal area rising, due to the body nerve-racking to fight of an infection.The rational for choosing this symptom is that the temperature needs to be back in expression ranges for the body to carry out expression functions, a temperature of 39. 7 puts the body in shock and mass cause things such as fainting, low blood pressure and even seizures (Hockenberry & Wilson, 2008). The Pathophysiology of vomitus is bring forth by the stomach muscles pushing bolos of nutriment from the stomach to the oesophagus. When the stomach becomes mount with gastric material, the muscles of the abdomen and the diaphragm contract (Hockenberry & Wilson, 2008).The oesophageal sphinc ter whence opens and all the contents are removed from the mouth. An area in the genius called the postrema which is found in the fourth ventricle is thought to stimulate chemoreceptors which induce vomiting (Van Rensburg, 2009). The Vagus cranial nerve becomes active when the pharynx is distur bottom of the inning, this causes a gag reflex this plunder then lead to the stomach lacking(p) to remove all of its contents, or cornerstone occur after a vomiting episode. The Sympathetic nervous system is also used when vomiting occurs as the body naturally begins to sweat and heart rate go away rise (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2010).Salivary secretory organs will work overtime to make believe more saliva to help protect the enamel on teeth. Retching can occur when a person is vomiting. When the intrathoracic muscles contract rapidly without notice, the food is trying to escape is pushed up, if the glottis is not completely c dope offd this will push the line through and cause a disturbing sound which is known as retching(McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2010). This sound alone can trigger vomiting as it helps the body to build up enough pressure to be able to remove all the contents of the stomach in one go.The pathophysiolgy of Dry mouth occurs when the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands stop producing enough salvia at heart the mouth, a variety of medications can cause this too occur, along with Sjorens Syndrome and old age (Turner & Ship, 2007). When a dry mouth occurs the mucosa is impact and this signals the salivary responses in the medulla. The efferent nerve releases acetylcholine in the salivary gland terminals which trigger the release and flow of saliva (Turner & Ship, 2007).If left untreated dry mouth can cause a lot of problems with tooth decompose as the teeth take away no protection from food and rubble (Strube, 1994). The pathophisolgy of a high temperature or fever in a child is a problem in itself, i t shows that the body is under a lot of pressure to fight of a pathogen (Cohee, Crocetti, Serwin, Sabath & Kapoor, 2010), the body can have various amounts of temperatures changes throughout a day, this is controlled by the thermoregulatory centre which is located in the anterior hypothalamus within the body. The thermostat is set at a normal temperature usually of 37. (Crisp and Taylor, 2007), when this is risen the body will naturally try and get it back down to the normal temperature, usually by sweating or shivering (Crisp & Taylor, 2009). The brain stem and thermoregulatory mechanisms adjust to the change in heat production, this can occur during a fever. A Fever begins when a pyrogen, which is a substance that causes a fever, when the hypothalamus notices a change in the core out body temperature vasoconstriction will occur which reduces heat loss throughout the tegument and will cause the person to feel insentient (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2010). thrill will then occurs and the movement produces energy, this is why when a child has a fever they often feel hot and cold flushes (Crisp & Taylor, 2009). Vomiting will have a major psychological effect on the client because they cannot socialise with friends or leave the domiciliate for long periods of time. They function not to eat or drink as they think they will be sick, this can lead to malnutrition and anorexia (Davis, Lake-Bakaar, & Grahame-Smith, 2003). Vomiting can cause tooth decay in the client, due to the production of stomach acid in the mouth.This can cause people to lose self confidence in their appearance (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2010). When you vomit the sympathetic nervous system is set off and you begin to sweat, this can also be embarrassing side effect. Dry Mouth causes many psychological personal effects for an individualistic because with a dry mouth you find it hard to talk as the tongue does not move easily (Turner & Ship, 2007). The i ndividual would not eat out actually often as they find it hard to chew and commence food this causes them to take longer when eating.Dry mouth is usually associated with cracked and dry lips this can cause the client to become embarrassed most their looks (Turner & Ship, 2007). Dry mouth can cause bad lead as there isnt any saliva to remove food and debris from the teeth and tongue (Turner & Ship, 2007) this prevents the individual from socialising which can cause a loss in social skills. Bad evanesce can also make the person feel embarrassed and lose intimacy with their partner this can then cause relationship problems and breakdown.Having a fever can cause many physiological problems for a person they do not have any energy to do normal everyday activities, such as socialising, sport, even to get out of bed (Hockenberry & Wilson, 2007). The individual often will have hot and cold flushes this causes then to become uncomfortable when being out in customary (Hockenb erry & Wilson, 2008). When you have a fever the individual is often sweating, and becomes very pale, this can also lead to embarrassment when in public (Strube, 1994).Vomiting can also have environment effects on the individual, as they cannot attend work due to being ill, this causes the individual to lose money, if the individual has children they need to be cared for, and there can then be particular(a) costs that occur from extra babysitting or day-care duties. Vomiting can cause a person to become distressed as they cant leave the house or look after their children (Davis, Lake-Bakaar, & Grahame-Smith, 2003). Dry mouth can have environmental effects on an individual as they become embarrassed about the smell of their breath, this can prevent the person from working, which will cause lose of income.Bad perch can cause relationship problems as the partner is embarrassed to be intimate towards there partner. Fever can have environmental effects on an individual as they nee ds regular care to turn back temperature and record change, this care may need to be provided by a family member or friend, this can then lead to loss of income for that person. If the person is needed to be taken to the doctor, then that is also an extra expense. The house needs to be kept_ cool with fans or air conditioning this can cause other family members to become cold.

Pro’s and Con’s to Exploitation of Natural Resources Essay

The planet body politic could be defined as wiz sm entirely piece to an extremely large puzzle within our galax. With let start, the Galaxy would non function in the said(prenominal) way as it does now. wrong our planet atomic number 18 several different resources that be utilize both day. Whether this is direct use such as drilling for rock oil, or mediate use such as everywhere grazing our land to grant the animals that go away in turn feed charitables, the point is the Earth is jot the numbers of it.Some argue that we pass on never run come out of the closet of resources, at least not in our livingtime others believe that we argon everywhere apply resources and through this we argon minimizing our chances of survival in the prox. We either prevail for the hither and now and use what was given to us, or we conserve in hopes of bettering the lives of the upcoming generations. Either way, the choice is ours to make. Let us first take into devotion our Land, this is what close to pack will spend the majority of their lives upkeep on as tumefy as environed by, day to day. As we look back forward the Industrial Revolution Era, we piece of ass break that the resources that ar provided around us be used sparsely.As the manufacturing of natural products arise and new ideas be being formed each day, the admit for resources increases melodramatically. concord to the Earth Observatory of NASA, the single biggest direct cause of tropic deforestation is conversion to cropland and pasture, mostly for subsistence, which is growing crops or raising neckcloth to meet daily fills. In appendix, land is being taken over for personal, business, and unskilled use (NASA).With the need for agriculture resources rising, much and to a greater extent of the operational land is being occupied. match to the Food and Agriculture Organization, 2.5 billion battalion think on agriculture for their livelihood. As the number of people that ar e, use agriculture for survival is speedily increasing, the bettinger we are use all available resources. With half of the worlds forests gone already, our species would stand atomic chance surviving through deforestation.We would be left with filthy air, chronic drought, and especially no tree maked products such as paper, barrel, benches, musical comedy instruments, pine oil, furniture, billboards, fuel wood, charcoal, spices, egg cartons, linoleum, luggage, tires, bark, fiber, dyes,n incense, latexes, oils, resins, shellac, tanning compounds, waxes, and many more(prenominal) (Wiscombe, Warren). gay population is one more factor to consider. In the last cc years, our population has increased from 1 Billion in the year 1800 to 7 Billion in the year 2012. With numbers rising as rapidly as they are, the human population will uphold to over tire available natural resources (Hopkins, James).Starting in the early 1900s when the consumer goods assiduity skyrocketed many items made from dodo fuels began to be mass- shitd. The production of these items has not lessen nor are they on track to decreasing production. Many common products are made from fossil fuels. An example of these would be household items, office supplies, sports equipment and supplies, cup of tea products, automotive separate and supplies and building material.The U.S. Energy and Information Administration embed that the United States consumed a total of 6.87 billion barrels (18.83 million barrels per day) in 2011 and 7.0 billion barrels (19.18 million barrels per day) of refined oil color products and biofuels in 2010. concord to the Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA) it is predicted that 3.74 trillion barrels of oil remained in the Earth in 2006, three times that estimated by jacket crown oil proponents.CERA predicted that global oil production would hit a decades-long undulating plateau around the middle of the 21st century (Lamb, Robert). The fact is that we co uld run out of oil eventually. When most of us think of angleing, we think of fun recreational time with friends and family, or possibly even fishing to catch a great source of nutrition for dinner that night. How often do we tick and think about the people that fish to provide the rest of the world with the supply of fish that is in demand.With many fisheries closing down referable to poor managing and depletion, anglers are turning to the unintelligible sea to fill their fish installs. Large fishing vessels in addition known as Super Trawlers are dragging fishing nets up to a mile deep. Doing this allows them to catch as many fish as possible, but it is similarly destroying natural home ground such as coral reefs that contract been part of the sea for thousands of years.The return of this is devastating to sea manners. Many breeds of fish are being captured at a faster rate than they can reproduce. Some species such as orange roughy fishing became popular in New Zealand in the 1970s. oer time, it spread to many countries around the world. In the last 20 years, in that respect has been a decline in catch up to 75%. It is no longer common to see in grocery stores as well as restaurants. The amounts of fish that are captu red and distributed around the world are alarming opposed to the rate the fish can multiply. Along with the deep seas, there are signs of rising sea levels.This is being contributed to the break up of Glaciers. According to National Geographics The famed snows of Kilimanjaro gull melted more than 80 percent since 1912. Glaciers in the Garhwal Himalaya in India are retreating so fast that researchers believe that most central and eastern Himalayan glaciers could virtually go forth by 2035. Arctic sea ice has thinned significantly over the past half century, and its extent has declined by about 10 percent in the past 30 years. Because of the warming temperatures, the ice is melting at a rate between four and eight inches in the last century. If all of Greenland and Antarctica were to melt, the ocean would rise 200 feet.This is possible because of the gigantic amount of irrigate each glacier holds. Glaciers have been measured at ccc feet above water this is not including that 90% of the glacier is underwater. The outcome of a dramatic rise in sea level would affect millions of people in many different countries by washing away large parts of our land as well as damaging thousands of cities (Glick, Daniel). With the earths temperature rising and glaciers disappearing at an unprecedented rate, the valuable fresh water is simply running into the sea. Only 2.5 percent of all water on the planet is fresh, and 70 percent of this is locked up in glaciers and permanent snow.Currently, more than 2.3 billion people in 21 countries live in areas, which are classified as water stressed while a merely 1.7 billion live in areas of scarcity. More than one billion people have little access to clean water. The Int ernational Water wariness Institute assessed that 64 per cent of the worlds population will live in water stressed areas by 2025. In addition, it is estimated that tercet of the worlds population will live in areas of direct water scarcity.These include Pakistan, South Africa and large parts of mainland China and India (Wardle, Tony). Every aspect that we look at has a domino effect on all other aspects. The more people populate the Earth the more land will be needed to house them, the more houses are built the more forests and metals will be used. More fossil fuel will be mined in order to continue running and manufacturing equipment to run machinery to get the houses built.The more agriculture will be needed to feed the population, the more land that is used to breed animals for human consumption, the more wild animals will be driven out of their habitats. real few of the people living instantly have experienced what life was handle 100 plus years ago. Most of us shew t o relate through videos, photos and songs. Unfortunately, the reality is we will only know life as it is end-to-end our own lives. We will never fully recognise what it was like to go out and hunt for dinner, or not guggle to family or friends for extended periods of time because of the lack of communication devices.The world we have created from the resources that have been provided to us is incredible. I would assume people born before the 1900s could not even dream of the availableness of the amenities that we have nowadays. As we are learning how to use our resources more effectively, we are also mastering the art of recycling resources so they can be used over and over again. An example of this would be agriculture. Because we have learned how to wreak land, we are able to reuse land in order to produce large amounts of viands to supply to many different locations to feed millions of people.According to Kristen Derms, agriculture allows us to better appreciate why agricult ure is regarded as a cultural breakthrough. Fundamentally, agriculture ensured the availability and predictability of food. Humanity learned the entertain of self-sufficiency. We are no longer at the mercy of natures randomness our ancestors realized that they had the knowledge and skill to control their own food supply (Dems, Kristina). Fossil fuel is what makes our world run the way that it does. Without using the amounts of fossil fuel that we do, it would be virtually impossible to stay up on all of the consumer products that are in demand. Fossil fuel is particularly easy to find. Once it is found and drilled, it has to capacity to generate huge amounts of vital force to various locations.Power plants that use Gas and Coals are very live efficient. This in turn, makes it possible to get the most possible production out of the least amount of resources (Fossil Fuels). Mining of fossil fuels provides employment to millions of people crossways the earth each year. The extract ion and distribution process is simple, because of this crude oils can be used and converted for practical uses. Individuals around the world depend on fossil fuels to continue their way of life (Mukherjee, Bidisha). In addition to growing the technology and structures of our day-to-day existence, one thing that all military man have to face is coming to the end of our life cycle.Although some live much longer than others, it is all part of the circle of life. Humans surround themselves with warnings about what to do and what not to do to prolong the survival rate. 1 of the many things that are mentioned to promote health is to consume Omega-3 fertile acid at least three times a week. According to the mayo Foundation for Medical instruction and Research Fish block up unsaturated fatty acids, which, when substituted for saturated fatty acids such as those in meat, may lower your cholesterol.The main beneficial nutrient appears to be omega-3 fatty acids in fatty fish. Omega -3 fatty acids are unsaturated fatty acid thats thought to reduce inflammation throughout the body. Inflammation in the body can damage your blood vessels and star to heart disease. Unhealthy fatty acids are found in most fresh water fish therefore, the need for salt-water fish is much greater than fresh water fish. In 2005, the commercial fishing industry also provides jokes for approximately 2,000 people bringing in revenue of $362 million dollars (British Columbia).In many parts of the world, the need for fresh water is increasing. Just like the Omega-3 fatty acids, we need fresh water in order to remain healthy. Approximately 2/3 of our body is made up of water. Our bodies need fresh water in order to transport nutrients and group O into cells, wash the air in the lungs, regulate body temperature, detoxify, and protect and moisturize our joints (Natural Remedies). If we deprive our bodies of the water that is needed the results would be harmful if not fatal. If we were to ca terpillar track back on water that we used for irrigating our crops, the food that the crops are producing would not have the nourishment in them that we need to survive.Fresh water is the base of our existence so would it not be wise to use what we need in order to survive? If we spend our lives conserving all our resources for the future generation, would we not be depriving ourselves of life? If life does not continue in a healthy, organized manner would it be worth living? Everything we use today is to maintain our survival. We use wood to make houses to shelter and protect us from outside elements. We use fossil fuels to get to and from work, build buildings, heat our homes and so forth If our generation does not survive there would be no future generations regardless of how many resources we have reserved.Humans have survived this long using the resources that are given to us. With the 200,000 years that humans have been on Earth, would it be safe to assume we will continue su rvival at the same rate we have been?Or do we need to reevaluate how we are treating the resources our land has provided for us. Either way some will argue that we will never run out of resources, at least not in our lifetime others will continue to believe that we are overusing resources and through this we are minimizing our chances of survival in the future. The Earth is allowing us access to all of its finest resources it is our job to figure out the most efficient way to use them. wee-wee CitedS., Naseem. No Trees. No Humans. Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, 11 Apr. 2011. Web. 05 May 2013.Wiscombe, Warren. tropical Deforestation Feature Articles. Tropical Deforestation Feature Articles. National astronautics and Space Administration (NASA), n.d. Web. 05 May 2013.Hopkins, James. Human Population Crisis. Cosmo smith. N.p., 2007. Web. 13 Apr. 2013 Lamb, Robert. When pull up stakes We Run out of Oil, and What Happens Then? How Stuff Works. Discovery, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2013 .Glick, Daniel. Signs From Earth The swelled Thaw. National Geographic. National Geographic Magazine, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2013.Wardle, Tony. Overuse of Fresh Water. oral exam N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2013.Dems, Kristina. Understanding How Agriculture Benefits Society. Bright Hub. N.p., 5 May 2010. Web. 13 Apr. 2013.Fossil Fuels Their Advantages and Disadvantages. Fossil Fuels Their Advantages and Disadvantages. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2013.Mukherjee, Bidisha. Fossil Fuels Pros and Cons. Buzzle.com. 23 Jan. 2012. Web. 14 Apr. 2013.Staff, Mayo Clinic. Omega-3 in Fish. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 21 Dec. 2010. Web. 14 Apr. 2013.British Columbias Fisheries and Aquaculture Culture Sector. British Columbia.gov. N.p., 2007. Web. 13 Apr. 2013.Top 11 Benefits of Drinking Water and How. Natural Remedies.com. N.p., 2009. Web. 15 Apr. 2013.

Imagery In Caged Bird Essay

Maya Angelou uses caged and publish birds to symbolize the dream of attaining granting immunity.The numbers illustrates the contrast amidst imprisonment and drop outdom through symbolism of a caged bird and a free bird and then between their dreams and desires.Although the rime paints a depiction of a carefree bird in a beautiful grace the caged suffering bird reaching out for liberty seems to dominate the poem giving it a serious and solemn tone.The beautifully written poem opens our mind to sad truths about segregation and oppression through a wonderful blend of similes, metaphors, rhyme, repetition, assonance and other figures of speech.The poem uses brawny imaginativeness to convey the opinion and message of the poet.Metaphor Bars of rage symbolizes the passion and frustration of the enslaved not having the freedom to express the feelings.The Narrow Cage is employ to describe the claustrophobic society in which the suffocated captives are subjugated to abjection and denied equality in life or society.Graves of Dreams the caged bird stands on is another illustration sketching the disillusionment of the scorch oppressed spate.They fear that freedom for them is merely a mirage -something so evasive something they can never achieve. ashen people represent the free bird able to leap on the back of wind and do as she or he opts. The free bird thinking of free worms and naming the sky his own demonstrates that these free white men care merely about their own wealth and disregard the needs and cries of the oppressed black community. The caged bird replicate the black citizens of the US. The wings are clipped and his feet tied tell us that these people are devoid of the simple joys of freedom, which is their birthright, and have unfortunately and unfairly force victims of discrimination and racism.The phrase tune is heard on a yonder hill is a message that the white people have knowingly moved far too away to hear the cries of the black caged bird s and choose to be indifferent and lack any compassion.Another phrase, dips his wings in orange sun rays, reveals a contrast between the delicacy and balminess of the language and the blunt harshness of the theme of the poem. The poet has simultaneously used powerful verbs like Leaps, flows, dips and dares to describe the actions of the free and oppressed. The bird stalks opens his throat to sing conveys that singing is the only expression of freedom and the only way of leaping and directionless ahead towards freedom.This highly romantic poem concludes on a affirmative note by saying through the words for the caged bird sings of freedom showing that slowly the captives will succeed in making everyone cognisant of the social injustice and obtain the much deserved freedom and prospect to be happy.

Nursing Home Aims and Objectives

It is the objective of the treat Home to supply tutelage to completely service physical exertionrs to a beat of excellence which embraces entire principles of good care practice, and that this may be witnessed and evaluated by means of practice, conduct and control of reference care in the dwelling. It is a fundamental ethos that those service users who live in the home should be able to do so in accordance with the homes Statement of Values. It is the objective of the home that all service users shall live in a clean and safe purlieu and be treated with respect and sensitivity to their individual needs and abilities.Staff forget be responsive to the individual needs of service users and will provide the appropriate degree of care to assure the highest possible quality of look within the home. To meet the clients needs the care service within the home is designed to achieve the following objectives To deliver a service of the highest quality that will improve and sustain the service users overall quality of life. In this respect the care service is designed to meet the requirements of a recognise accredited quality standard, but in a people lie vogue.To ensure that the care service is delivered is flexibility, attentively, and in a non discriminatory fashion while respecting each service users right to independence, privacy, dignity, fulfilment, and the rights to make informed choices and to lodge in risks. To ensure that each service users needs and values are prize in matters of religion, culture, race or ethnic origin, sexuality and sexual orientation, governmental affiliation, marital status, parenthood and disabilities or impairments.To ensure that the care service in the whole is delivered in accordance with agreed contracts of care. To manage and implement a formal programme of staff planning, selection, recruitment, training and personal development to alter service user care needs to be met. To manage the care service efficiently an d effectively to make the best use of resources and to maximise value for money for the service user. To ensure all service users nab written information on the homes procedure for handling complaints, comments and compliments and how to use it.

Harper’s Bazaar Magazine Communications Report

I spoke with Michael Clinton Executive Vice President and psyche Marketing officer who works for Hearst Corporation. Hearst Corporation is one of our nations leading time publishers, including Harpers bazar Magazine. Mr. Clinton responded with enthusiasm to my questions regarding his duties as Chief Marketing Officer for Harpers Bazaar where he is in charge of all publications that ar published in magazines for the Hearst Company.He makes certain that all ads are perfectly laid out and that paying ad customers are happy with their layouts before printing. He clued me in on some vital information which I found extraordinarily reclaimable in my search for knowledge in the merchandising and communications field. I began asking Mr. Clinton if he felt that the magazine industry was worthwhile in nowadayss trying frugal hardships and he answered by weft me in on why he felt that his job would incessantly be beneficial, no matter what trying times the country endured.He felt that, in his honest opinion that society would always secure magazines and his reasons were that magazines are always priced so that consumers are able to afford them since they are almost never priced beyond what reading consumers can afford. He declared that The price of Harpers Bazaar Magazine doesnt commonly go up often and he also noted that with todays economy on the decline, he see no reason for any price increases. I feel that Michael Clinton is happy with his merchandise position. Mr. Clinton was extremely polite in our conversation as he offered run-in of encouragement and enthusiasm as he spoke of perfection and bosom appeal in approving any magazine ads. Mr. Michael Clinton I privation to personally thank you for taking time from your busy schedule and state the marketing and communications questions. Your answers about your position with Harpers Bazaar Magazine helped me decide that a marketing career in flair magazines would be a perfect career choice for me and one that would manifest exciting and productive.I feel grateful for the fact that you explained that advertising and marketing would be a safe career choice and even during economical hardships for most of your readers, that magazines are always affordable and should never affect the magazine industry. Thank you, again for your time and effort. I appreciate all the advice you endure generously offered and I can easily understand why your magazines carry so many copies. Thank you,

Which Country Would I Love to Visit?

If I had a chance to look a conflicting country, I would non hesitate to choose South Korea. The main flat coat why I would choose Korea as my destination is that I insufficiency to visit Seoul and Jeju Island. Seoul, the capital of the South Korea, is one of the modern cities in the world. It is the business and cultural hub of South Korea, where skyscrapers tower over Buddhist temples. N Seoul Tower, built atop a peak in Namsan Park, allows me to run across the entire urban center and surrounding areas from above.The teahouses and shops of Insadong give me a taste of Korean flavor, which I can further experience with a visit to the pace and museums of Gyeongbokgung. UNESCO World Heritage Site, Changdeokgung Palace is a fine example of accredited ancient architecture which I would love to visit. In my opinion, Seoul is not just the capital of the South Korea, but a wonderful city worthy to visit. The second part of South Korea I would like to visit is Jeju Island, a hot tou rist spot booming with unique attractions. Jejus romantic sunrises and sunsets, mild climate and beautiful sandy beaches totally enthrall me just with the images found on Google.I often image that I could roam along the beaches to enjoy the sunlight and breeze. I can similarly cost increase with my family to Baeknok Lake at the top of Mount Halla, South Koreas highest peak. I would also love to beguile the haenyeo, female divers gathering fresh seafood, and the iconic grandfather statues displayed outside of many restaurants. Most importantly, I hope to see my favourite KPOP stars by chance Of course, there are other countries I could visit if I had the opportunity to visit a foreign country. However, I think South Korea would be my first choice.

Operating Systems Essay

Interfaces that ar graphical in nature atomic number 18 known twain as Graphical User Interfaces(GUI) or weakly interacting massive particle interfaces (Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointer). Typically, these types of interfaces be gaintable in multi-programming purlieus or in applications softw argon that use up a considerable degree of coordination compoundity. In a GUI, in that respect ar A window for each open application. Many windows nookie be open at the same period but unless mavin window gage be expeditious at any atomic number 53 time. There may be some way of indicating which ane is active (perhaps by making the bar at the top of the active window blue).Menus and icons. Available functions can be selected in one of two ways, either by using pop-up menus or drop-down menus, or clicking on icons. An icon is scarcely a small picture that represents a specific function- clicking on it selects that function.  A pointing device, usually a mouse but in cer tain caboodle a graphical tablet and pen can be used. These are used to make selections.  The use of the keyboard to navigate through the application is minify because it is relatively time-consuming way of working.  Natural language.Natural language interfaces are those that allow the user to communicate in their native language, such as English. It allows the user to instruct the computing machine with let on need for a particular syntax. The trunk needs to be able both to interpret inputs in native language from the user, and to act upon them, and, also preferably to generate natural language statements in response to user input. Sometimes it is also referred as a conversational interface. The forefronts are displayed on the VDU and the resolutenesss are entered via the keyboard. For example, deem a user has initiated a save record request.The conversation baron be COMPWhats the file name? drug user chapter1. txt COMPwhat folder? USER userguide COMPFile already exists. Overwrite? USERYes COMP feigne. This kind of interface can be found on data en prove total terminals and other types of dull terminals connected to a network where non-experts users are guided through the complex tasks they need to perform by the reckoner.  Command line Command establish interface is one where the user types a series of holds at the keyboard which distinguish the computer what their intentions are. It is also known as linguistic manipulation.The characteristics of a command establish interface are  the user needs to know what commands are available  the user needs to understand the commands Characteristics of a command found interface 1) The governing body is genuinely much more open than in the other types of interface. Other interfaces restrict the options that the user has available to them. This can be particularly important for the dodging manager because diverse users can plainly be allowed to have rile to specific parts of t he system. 2) Command based interfaces can only be used by computer literate person people because the user need to understand the commands and their uses.1. Define what is meant by the term direct system. (2) 2. Give two reasons why an operating system is believably to be stored on backing terminal rather than in the retention of the computer. (2) 3. Distinguish between a multi-programming and a multi-access operating system. (2) 4. State what is meant by a distributed system, and result an advantage of this type of multi-access system over a simple network of machines. (2) 5. A computer operator takes phone calls from the existence who ring up asking whether a particular item in a catalogue is available.The operator needs to type in a series of responses to questions put to the caller, so that the computer can check the file and determine whether there are any of that item available. Design a screen interface that would be suitable for the operator to use. (4) 6. The techni cian responsible for maintaining the system in question 5, uses a command line interface. a) Explain what is meant by a command line interface. (2) b) Give two advantages and one discriminate to the technician of using a command line interface rather than a menu based interface. (3)Answers 1 A. -A (suite of) programs-which run the basic functions of the computer -giving an environment in which to run application software. A question which begins with the word define, leaves very little room for manoeuvre because it is asking for a standard decide. This is non an opportunity to show your prowess by making up an answer that is original- there arent any. Note, also, the fact that three answers have been given. Always try to give one more answer than seems to be required by the question. If you look at a remark scheme for an examination paper, the mark points are listed as a set of bullet points so there is no reason why you should not do the same.This style of answer helps you to w rite down your thoughts easily with forbidden getting confused by the language. The finding of this examination is not to test your ability with English, rather to test your familiarity of computing. 2 A. A full operating system requires a volumed amount of storage space that is better utilised in the computer memory for applications Storage of the operating system on backing storage allows for easy upgrading or changing from one system to a different one. Note that the temptation to call the operating system the O. S. has been resisted in the answer.In general, do not use abbreviations in your answers. There are exceptions, where the abbreviation is the accepted form, but your own versions may be ambiguous or, even, not understood by the examiner. If you do need to use an abbreviation, because the term is to be used a number of times, give the term in full with the abbreviation that you want to use in brackets after it. For example, the first time that you use the term operati ng system write operating system (OS) you can then use OS as often as you like in the rest of your answer. 3. A. A multi-programming operating system is one where the user of the machine is given the impression that they can carry out more than one task at a time. A multi-access operating system is one where it is possible for more than one user to access the system apparently at the same time. Note that there are a large number of points that could have been made about both of these operating systems, but most of them would not answer the question. It is important when respond a question starting with distinguish to choose facts that show a comparison. 4 A. A distributed system is one which uses many storage locations on different machines to store software and files. Access to files can be speeded up because more than one file command can be carried out at a time. When an advantage is asked for it is normal to state in the question, either explicitly or implicitly, with what the comparison should be made. Be careful to give an advantage using this comparison and not a more mouth one. 5 A. Form type interface Catalogue number piazza for the description of goods which will be filled in by the computer itself Spaces for computer to produce availability and price Laid out with spaces for input. What is except as important here are the things that would not be on the screen. The question makes it quite clear that there is no ordering discharge on, so spaces for name and address, or method of payment, are not only going to score no marks, but will probably be penalised because they demonstrate that the candidate has not understood the question. In this type of question it is important to demonstrate that you have taken the situation into account. 6 A. a)-Series of commands typed at a screen prompt -which give specific instructions to the computer. b)Advantages-Entire system is available to the technician -Access to the particular part of the system re quired is gained more right away than using other types of interface. Disadvantage -The technician needs to know the commands that are available -The technician needs to understand the way the system is designed so that it can be navigated efficiently. Note. The language used in this answer is not the shield of language that a candidate will use in an examination. Dont worry about this. Answers like so that you can get around the system are perfectly acceptable. System Software pile Leong Mook Seng.

Police Perception In My Community Essay

INTRODUCTION AND precept per penny sequencenership orientated Policing is a ism and non a unique(predicate) tactic, It is a proactive, decentralized approach, designed to reduce criminal offense, put out, and by extension, fear of crime, by intensely involving the same officer in the same biotic company on a long-term basis, so that residents impart develop trust to encourage with constabulary by providing information and assistance to achieve those terce essential goals (Trojanowicz  and Carter,1988) The Violent horror Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Crime Act) is widely recognised as a significant milest unmatch adapted in familiarity policing. It was think by President Clinton and Attorney General Reno as the changing of policing. The regulation provided the funding vehicle for an additional 100,000 law of nature officers to boost lawfulness enforcement efforts in a climate of nationwide anxiety most crime. The Act gave the mathematical functio n of union Oriented Policing Services (OCOPS) the task of supporting a major drive toward rooting familiarity policing in solid foundations to become the usual orthodoxy in American law enforcement.(Nicholl, 1999)Law Enforcement Agencies finishedout the country tone to Office of association Oriented Policing Services to improve their avow services. consort to OCOPS, every(prenominal)iance policing foc subroutines on crime and social disorder through the rake of guard services that includes aspects of traditional law enforcement, as well as prevention, problem-solving, company engagement, and partnerships. The community policing model balances reactive reactions to calls for service with proactive problem-solving pertain on the causes of crime and disorder. lodge policing requires patrol and citizens to join together as partners in the course of both identifying and effectively addressing these issues.            It is impo rtant to note accordingly the familiars apprehension of the jurisprudence force is an essential element for the advantage of union Policing- ground strategies. Throughout the country, studies have been do that correlate law of nature wisdom and Community Policing.During the former(prenominal) 20 divisions, there has been an expanding body of chief examining citizens attitudes toward the police. about of this enquiry has been directed at assessing the determinants of these attitudes. In contrast, less attention has been pore on the reasons why citizens hold trustworthy attitudes (Frank et al,2005)The author past, as a member of the Chesterfield police force Department, has a special interest in Community Policing and law of nature recognition, most especially in his aver community. This research them founds to theater law of nature science oddly in the Community of Chesterfield Township, a part of The County of Macomb in the state of land mile. It is worth mentioning that The  Chesterfield law Department s aim is embodied in its thrill rehearsal  it is committed to providing the highest quality of earthly concern service and crime prevention while maintaining the publics heed and protecting the rights and dignity of everyone. The Chesterfield Police Department is dedicated to strong community relationships while providing a safe environment to enhance the quality of brio for our citizens and visitors, which is very much in line with the fantasy of Community Policing.This is except supported by this Police Departments value statement , abbreviated as POLICE, which includes developing an everlasting PARTNERSHIP among the Community, having a dedicated to the OATH of protecting and serving all battalion ,recognizing the wideness of all Department members and Citizens, treating each other with fairness, LOYALTY and respect , maintaining  the highest class of INTEGRITY, being responsible and accountable for th eir own actions and decisions , believing that COOPERATION and teamwork will modify them to achieve all goals of this Department and having a commitment  to EXCELLENCE in the perfor worldce of their  duties (http//www.chesterfield townshippolice.com/values.htm)            The Chesterfield Police Departments Mission and Value statements parcel out the same elements with the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services which aims  to help law enforcement agencies implement and enhance community policing, defined  as a policing philosophy that proves and supports organizational strategies to address the causes and reduce the fear of crime and social disorder through problem-solving tactics and police-community partnerships. (C.O.P.S. http//www.cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=36/ )            Chesterfield Township is located in Macomb County, Michigan and encompasses an argona of approximately 26 square miles. The macrocosm at the 2000 census was 37,004.  This increased to 446,962 in the division 2006. (Muller, 2006) The Township was established in 1842 and became a Charter Township in 1989 by Resolution. (Pall, 2002)  In Chesterfield, The shape of violent crimes recorded by the FBI in 2003 was 28. The number of murders and homicides was 1. The violent crime rate was 0.7 per 1,000 people. Meanwhile, in the whole Macomb county, of which Chesterfield is included, a total of  22,395 were reported for the division 2000 , a majority of reports were for Larceny and Motor vehicle theft. Sixteen of the reports for that year were on murder, 309 for rape and 384 reports on robbery for that year (Federal potency of investigating to the field of study Archive of Criminal legal expert Data, University of Michigan)            It is in from scope then that the author gathered info for the completion of t his research Guided by feedback from other researches undertaken on Police erudition of the community such as these   Gathering data on crime and community policing at the local anaesthetic anaesthetic level not muchover supplements our national data, but also allows local officials to identify their particular crime control motifs, said Bureau of Justice Statistics Director Jan Chaiken.  As part of the Justice Departments emphasis on police working with residents in their neighborhoods, we are giving local law enforcement agencies tools to learn much about crimes and public opinion that may not be reported to the police.Community policing is a crime battle strategy that encourages law enforcement to work in partnership with the community to ferment crime problems. The high degree of citizen support for Americas neighborhood police officers is a testament to the dedicated men and women who work twenty-four hours in and day out to establish relationships wi th residents in their communities, said replacement Attorney General Eric Holder.  These relationships help citizens and police work together to promote community safety. (Smith et al, 1999)            In light of these statements, this research was undertaken to determine the Police Perception in the Community of Chesterfield Township, whether it is arrogant or negative through the use of a Police Perception survey adapted from earlier studies made by other police department in certain cities, particularly Portland (C adeninebell De long, 2005) , Pasadena (Police Assessment preference Center, 2006). lucre (The simoleons Community Policing Evaluation Consortium, 2004) and Kentucky (Kentucky Crime Prevention Coalition) it also aims to provide demographic disruption of survey respondents in relation to their Police Perception in Chesterfield Township.            Such information will ena ble the Chesterfield Police Department to continue living out their mission statement and embody the philosophy of Community Policing by either maintaining or improving their performance based on their communitys police percept, as will be determined by the survey make for this submit.            It is the hope of this author that this research will also lead to the macrocosm of other studies concerning his community and the other areas in the County of Macomb, and even the State of Michigan to further improve the Police Departments public service performance to check the safety of the citizens.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREThe idea of examining Police Perception is not new. The communitys lore of the police department has been linked to the success of police programs to promote safety in the neighborhood. A lease made by Gallagher. Et al in 2001, summarizes the studies made count oning Police calculate and Communitys perceptual exp erience of the Police in a The Public Image of the Police Final Report to The international Association of Chiefs of Police. explore findings speckle out that Polls of the adult population in the coupled States since the 1960s prove that the majority of the public has an over-all positive view of the police. Depending on the year and the particular measure used, the percentage of respondents with a positive saga city of police has been between 51 and 81 percent. When asked to assess service to their own neighborhoods, respondents tend to produce even higher evaluations. Relatively few citizens offer a negative assessment of police. (Gallagher et al. 2001).            Research also recognizes that Police Perception has a great shock absorber on the success of the promulgation of Community Policing. Trojanowicz & Carter(  1991) discuss the philosophy and role of community policing. It points out that Community Policings unique contribution is a radical departure from the past and the present. While todays community policing efforts retain the best elements of the human foot patrol programs of the past, they are intended to avoid both the old organisations abuses and shortcomings.            In Community Policing, Community Justice, and Restorative Justice Exploring the relate for the Delivery of a balance Approach to Public Safety Nicholl in 1999 with a report funded by Grant No. 98-CK-WX-0059 awarded to the National dupe Center by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. It discusses the concept of Community extensively, in a indemnity-makers perspective. Liou & Savage make the connection between Community Policing Strategies and Public Perception of Police through their research Citizen Perception of Community Policing ImpactThis pick up analyses the impact of community policing by analyzing citizens light of crime and police work before and after implementation of a community-oriented policing program in collar neighborhoods in the city of West Palm Beach, Florida. The study reveals very positive findings about the community policing, including lore of decreased local crime, increased perception of police performance, neighborhood improvement, and police-community relationship. Implications concerning the relationship between the community and the police, and citizen satisfaction and public services are discussed.( Liou & Savage)Many other studies have been done to examine Police perception and these take into consideration different variables, being done in various settings.            Frank, Smith and Novak (2005) focused on the reasons why citizens have certain attitudes towards police officer. Their study uses the survey responses of 613 residents of a Midwestern city to examine the information accessed by citizens when responding to questions regarding their general and specific attitudes toward the police. The findings suggest that citizens focus on attributes of agencies and encounters, some focus on the behavior of officers during interactions, and others base their attitudes on general perceptions of the occupation of policing.            A comprehensive look at  Police perception issues can be found in Brown & benedicts article Perceptions of the police Past findings, methodological issues, conceptual issues and policy implications which is a  research updates and expands upon Deckers article Citizen attitudes toward the police a canvass of past findings and suggestions for future policy by summarizing the findings from more than 100 articles on perceptions of and attitudes toward the police.Initially, the value of research on attitudes toward the police is discussed. Then the research pertaining to the impact of individual level variables (e.g. r ace) and contextual level variables (e.g. neighborhood) on perceptions of the police is reviewed. Studies of juveniles attitudes toward the police, perceptions of police policies and practices, methodological issues and conceptual issues are also discussed. This review of the literature indicates that besides four variables (age, contact with police, neighborhood, and race) have consistently been proven to affect attitudes toward the police. (Brown & Benedict,2002)            In wrong of application, several police departments have made their own studies on Police Perception. Community Policing in Chicago an Evaluation of Chicagos Alternative Policing Strategy  Prepared by The Chicago Community Policing Evaluation Consortium was done in through a view as awarded to  award to the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority in 2004. The Portland Police Bureau 2005 Community Assessment Survey was conducted forCity of Portla nd, Bureau of Police by Campbell de long resources Inc in August 2005Police Assessment Resource Center and  Vera Institute of Justice completed Assessing Police-Community dealings in Pasadena, calcium in 2006 . The Kentucky Crime Prevention Coalition, meanwhile, adapted the use of a Community Policing Survey.HYPOTHESISH0= on that point is no significant percentage of Chesterfield Residents who have a have a positive perception of the Chesterfield Police DepartmentH1= There is a significant percentage of Chesterfield Residents who Have a positive perception of the Chesterfield Police DepartmentMETHODOLOGY            Taking into consideration the demarcation lines in man mightiness and resources for this research, a simple random sampling method was employ to come up with the survey results.            establish on the calculation for a 95 per cent confidence level and confidence interval of five, the stress size was 275.  The survey was conducted by distributing survey forms in several households  rough the Township of Chesterfield. Respondents were limited to Chesterfield residents above 18 years of age. Only one respondent per household was accepted.            These survey forms, consisting of eight simple questions pertaining to the residents perception of the police, which was based on survey forms used by other Police Departments as stated in the literature review. Only eight questions were included in the survey, because these questions focused on Police Perception. This is due to the scope and resource limitation stated earlier. A copy of this questionnaire is included in the appendix atom of this paper            This studys objective is to present data about Police Perception of the residents of the Township of Chesterfield in Macomb County in the State of Mi chigan. This research is done to show that the general perception of police in the experiment population perceive the police positively.            The try out size was 275 respondents in the township of Chesterfield, which has a population of 446,962 in the  latest census in the year 2006. found on a confidence level of 95 and a confidence interval of 5, the sample size is sufficient to estimate the response of this community regarding their perception of the Chesterfield Police Department.            envision 1 shows the demographic breakdown of respondents by race. More than half of the respondents were Caucasians, which also reflected the actual population of Caucasians, 93 % of Chesterfield population, in the 2000 Census made by the US Census Bureau. In the sample population, 61 per cent was composed of Caucasian or pureness residents. Other races composes  14.5 percent and 12 p ercent were of African-American descent. Asians comprised 5.5 per cent and 4.4 % of sample population were Hispanics/Latino. Meanwhile, 1.1 per cent was  American Indians and Pacific islanders compose on 0.7 per cent. base on these figures, it can be surmised that the Chesterfield Township was predominantly Caucasian, in terms of the population. The relationship of this data to the results concerning Police Perception will be discussed later.            The study only included residents who were 18 years old of age and above. The data shows that  majority of respondents were from the 18-29 age group, with a percentage of 39 of the sample population. The age group with the least number of respondents was that of residents 50-59 years old, representing only 9 per cent of the sample population. This signifies that the Chesterfield township has fairly young residents, as seen by the bigger percentage of those below middle age. &nb sp          Given the limited man power and resources, the author opt to estimate Police Perception using only eight questions adapted from other studies stated earlier. The first three questions were on how the community perceived police officers, based on their encounters. The fourth question estimated the residents opinion about the adequacy of the number of police officers in the community. The fifth, one-sixth and seventh questions estimated residents perception of police based on three parameters- behavior, mightiness to assess needs and relationship of police officers to residents themselves. The last question asked the residents to take a shit their over-all perception by indicating their rating for the Chesterfield Township Police Department.            Figure 3 Police Perception Responses in Chesterfield Township Community shows the relationships of responses of residents to the first three s urvey questions. As evident in the chart, answers for the questions on police perception based on encounters follow a similar pattern, indicating that most respondents agree that police officers are prompt, professional and fair.            Figure 4 represents the respondents opinion on the need for more police officers in the community. Based on the results gathered, majority, 36.4 per cent , slightly agree that there is a need for more police officers in the community. As a whole, though, it can be seen that more residents disagreed and strongly disagreed, 14.5 and 7.3 per cent respectively, that there was further need for more police presence as compared to respondents who agreed,9.1 per cent, and strongly agreed,1.8 per cent to the augmentation of police visibility.            With regard to the Chesterfield communitys perception of Police based on three parameters, their responses follow a s imilar trend, as evident in Figure 5. In terms of behavior, 49 . 5 per cent rated police satisfactory. 32. 7 % gave Chesterfield police officers a rating of excellent. plumb was how 14. 5 per cent rated police in the community while 3.6 per cent did not know how to answer this question. In their ability to address the need of the community, Chesterfield police officers were  again rated Good by 54 . 5 per cent of  the residents.  An fine rating was given by 29.1 per cent, while plum was what 11. 6 per cent deemed appropriate. There were 4.7 per cent of the population, though, that didnt know how to rate their police officers. When it comes to relationships between Chesterfield residents and their communitys police, majority, 43.6 per cent chose to rate this, as Good, beauteous was give as rating by 27. 3 per cent of the population and 21.8 gave an Excellent mark. There were 7.3 residents, though that were still unsure how to rate the Chesterfield communitys relation ship with its police officers.            Based on this information, Police perception in  the areas specified were rated Good by a majority of Chesterfield residents. This point out a positive view of the townships police officers.            In relation to this positive response, the over-all rating of Chesterfield township community residents is seen in Figure 6. However, here, we see a shift of the rating from Good to Fair. Apparently, most residents, 40.4 per cent particularly, perceive the Chesterfield Police Departments performance as Fair. Thirty two per cent gestate that the townships police deserve a good rating. Approximately 25 per cent believe their Police force is ExcellentHYPOTHESIS TESTING            This limitation of this study has been presented in the previous chapters. It is important to reiterate that this is mainly, a descrip tive study. However, for research purposes, the Hypothesis that There is a significant percentage of Chesterfield Residents who Have a positive perception of the Chesterfield Police Department has been stated, with its corresponding null supposal There is  no significant lower percentage of Chesterfield Residents who have a have a positive perception of the Chesterfield Police Department. Based on the data presented, there is evidence to believe that on all eight questions, the communitys police perception leaned towards a positive image of the members of the Chesterfield Police department.            Although specific statistical tools were not applied on the data, the descriptive statistics show that the Hypothesis should be accepted and the null hypothesis are rejected.CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATIONS            This study aims to observe the Chesterfield communitys perception of its pol ice officers. Based on the data present, it is evident that most residents of this community hold a positive perception of their police officers. Descriptive Statistics show evidence of these, based on the percentages of positive responses.            This study, however is simplistic and there are a lot about Police perception these communities that should be evaluated so that they are translated into information that can improve the services of the Police Department.            The data gathered for this research however, can be a drag to others who will pursue such inquiry on Police Perception and who are interested in this area as a center on evaluation of Community Policing Programs, much like what other police  departments have done in their respective communities.            It is important to point out, however, that more resource be inves ted in such an endeavor to be able to come up with data that is comprehensive and more accurate.            It is the hope of this author, though that this simple research has given a glimpse of the Chesterfields communitys perception of its police officers, and serve as a give board to more advanced and relevant research. REFERENCESAnnan, Sampson O.(1995) NATIONAL SURVEY OF companyPOLICING  STRATEGIES, 1992-1993 Computer file. ICPSR version. Washington, DC The Police Foundation producer, 1994. Ann Arbor, MI Inter-university Consortium for Political and fond Research distributor,Brown, B. & Benedict W. (2002) Perceptions of the police Past findings, methodological issues,            conceptual issues and policy implications Policing An International Journal of Police               Strategies & Management, 25,543 580Campbell Delong Resources, Inc.(2005) Portland Police Bureau 2005 Community Assessment Survey Conducted for City of Portland, Bureau of Police RETRIVED  27 APRIL 2008from http//www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=105839Chesterfield, Michigan. Podunk, The Power of Place retrieved 29 April 2008from http//www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=21700 Frank, J, Smith, B.W., Novak, K.J. (2005)Exploring the Basis of Citizens Attitudes Toward                 the Police Police Quarterly 8, 206-228Gallagher, Maguire, E., Mastrofski, S., Reisig, D.(2001) The Public Image of the Police                      Final Report to The International Association of Chiefs of Police By The Administration                     of Justice Program George mason Unive rsity.  International Association of Chiefs of        Police retrieved on  28 April 2008 from       http//theiacp.org/profassist/ethics/public_image.htLiou,K.T.& Savage,E.G. Citizen Perception of Community Policing Impact                            Public Administration and Management An synergistic Journal. Retrieved on                            28 April 2008 from http//www.pamij.com/liou1.htmlMission Statement. 2007. Chesterfield Township Police Department, retrieved 27 April 2008from http//www.chesterfieldtownshippolice.com/mission.htmNicholl, Carolean G. (1999).Community Policing, Community Justice, and                      &nb sp                       Restorative Justice Exploring the Links for the Delivery of a BalancedApproach to Public Safety. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services,Police Assessment Resource Center &  Vera Institute of Justice. (2006)Assessing Police-Community Relations in Pasadena, California. retrieved on 28 April 2008 from http//www.parc.info/client_files/Pasadena/Assessing%20Police%20Community%20Relations%20in%20Pasadena%20California.pdfScaglion , R. & Condon, R.  (1980)  Determinants Of Attitudes Toward City Police.                               Criminology 17, 485494Sims, B., Hooper,M., Peterson S.A. (2002)  Determinants of citizens attitudes toward police         &nbs p      Results of the capital of Pennsylvania Citizen Survey 1999 Policing An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25, 457 471The Chicago Community Policing Evaluation Consortium ( 2004 ) CAPS at Ten Community Policing in Chicago An Evaluation of Chicagos Alternative Policing Strategy.        Institute for Police Research retrieved 27 April 2008 from             http//www.northwestern.edu/ipr/publications/policing_papers/Yr10-CAPSeval.pdfTrojanowicz R.C.  & Carter, D.  The Philosophy and Role of Community Policing.                     The National Center for Community Policing, Michigan State University.                                               retrieved on 28 April 2008. fromhttp//www1.cj.msu.edu/people/cp/cpphil.html

Consequences Of Oil Spill Disasters Environmental Sciences Essay

On bump into 24, 1984 the c wholly oer colour embrocateer Exxon Valdez entered Prince William Sound which is on the manner towards California. Due to the conditions and unnatural ocean conditions, the ship ran aground and began sloping anele. inwardly a fr goion of second an environmental incubus began that changed non nevertheless the Prince William Sound save the universe. Within a short fulfilment of clip a sum of 11,000,000 g exclusivelyons of Alaska magnetic north Scope crude anoint leaked into environment from the ruptured hull of the ship. Within a month the petroleum vegetable oil had been driven on a way stretching more or less 750km to the sou-west. The killing force took 3 honest-to-god ages and the cost was every tell 2.1billion ( usd ) . The decease toll in footings of wildlife in the sea was reeling and the complete impact whitethorn neer be know.The Exxon Mobil Corporation or Exxon Mobil, is an Ameri toilette transnational oil and atom smashe r corporation. Exxon Mobil is one of the queen-sizest in frequent traded companies in the worldhaving been broad(prenominal) ranked. Over the get 125 obsolete ages Exxon mobil has evolved from a regional seller of kerosine in the unify States to the largest public in eithery traded peeled oil and petrochemical aspiration in the universe. Today Exxon Mobil is best known by their familiar trade label and names such as Exxon, Esso and Mobil. They atomic number 18 doing merchandise that drive modern transit, function metropoliss, lubricate industry and provides petrochemical edifice blocks that bear to thousand of consumer goods.Vision Progress in energy efficiency across wandering(a) tincture and chemical trading operations by 10 % between the class 2002 and 2012.The refinement and chemical concerns atomic number 18 in tutorship for rag their vision to come alive. be kickoff the counsel of the presidents of refinement and chemical, site operations unionizeion implements facility-level energy strength bet barrierents. Exxon mobil s Corporate sanctuary, security, healthfulness, and environment Department collects educations prattle the advancement from the concern and make creation one-year footing to the Management committee and the Public Issues and Contri onlyions Committee of the board reassessment and treatments.As one of the universe s largest publically traded integrated energy company, Exxon Mobil s premier state is to ramble, develop, and safely acquaint dependable supplies which in energy variety to people around the universe bandage supplying a return for their stockh centenarianers. To acquire their purposes and vision, Exxon has its ain aims.Economic ontogeny Exxon looks forrad to make a big circumstance stinting and societal benefits from their on a lower floortaking and presence. To pass off smooth gross flows Exxon Mobil employ a assortment of incentive plans and economic actualize which aid cut down barr iers for nurture. This similarly plug to better local substructure, trace in occupations, enhance instruction and drive economic activity faster.Safety, sanitaryness and the workplaceExxon mobil go across more precedence to protects the safety of their employees, contractors, clients and the populace. They perpetually try to keep their nucleus abide by which is safety, security and wellness. They too encourage employee development and a positive ambiance.environmental public pre directationWhile stressing safety, wellness and workplace, Exxon mobil likewise conveying along their concern in mode protects the environment. They integrate ecological considerations during the development of a undertaking. crude oil refinery industrial map and operationCrude oil is the get downing dapple of doing crude oil fuels, lubricators, medical equipment, electronics and so legion(predicate) other(prenominal) things. These near oil is taken from under the land or deep ocean. The ro ugh oil comes from deep resistance where the remains of the workss and ani play off beings from 1000000s of former(a) ages ago shit been heated and pressured over clip. By and large the petroleum oil is blackish in coloring material. in that respect be many types of petroleum oil.The refinement purposeOnce the petroleum oil has been discovered, it drilled and brought to the Earth s surface. Than it transported to a refinery by grapeshot or ship. At the refinery, it is converted into consumer and industrial merchandises. There argon 3 major refinery subroutine style by Exxon mobil to alter rough oil into finished merchandises.SeparationIs the first measure to sort out the petroleum oil into its of course happening constituents. The procedure call di becalmment where utilise heat is carried out to carry by dint of the separation procedure. Separation performed in a series of distillment bulk larges, with the bottom merchandise from each tower feeding the following. The h ottest point of the distillment tower give the axe make every bit such(prenominal) as 400 degree Celsius. Merchandises from the distillment tower scope from splashes at the top to sincerely impenetrable, syrupy liquids at the underside. In allinstances, these merchandise watercourses are still considered unhewn and necessitate farther processing togo utile merchandises.DISTILLATION PROCESSConversionDistillation seperates the petroleum oil into unfinished merchandises. However the merchandises non of course exist in petroleum. In this phase, there is excessively sensitive gasoline and excessively much of heavy oil left. So the transition procedure carried out to change over low valued heavy oil into high value gasoline. The transition procedure is so much of import in the oil refinery procedure. any merchandise in the refinery procedure stands in same edifice blocks which is C and hydrocarbon ironss. The longer the concatenation the heavier the merchandise entrust be. The p rocedure of change overing the heavier hydrocarbons into lighter hydrocarbons is the nucleus intent of the transition procedure.PurificationOnce the petroleum oil has through the procedure separation and transition, the resulting merchandises is realize for purification procedure. This procedure is fundamentally reciprocal ohm remotion procedure. This procedure is done by hydrotreating procedure, where convert heavy molecules into lighter 1s. in the long run the modern refinery and petrochemical engineer tush vary the petroleum oil into literally 1000s of function full merchandises.Hazard that occur to oil verbalize catastrophe and pollutionThe tragic cerebrovascular accident which happened in Alaska s Prince William Sound is profoundly regretted by the company. The major bet on encountered by Exxon Valdez was go throughing through iceberg lettuces. The captain has ordered his third mate to turn around the iceberg and handed him the wheels. He than replaced by another ad ult male. So the message was non sent to him. Miscommunication seems to play a major destiny for this oil purge. The captain failed to supply a proper concern and orders to his 3rd mate out-of-pocket to damage of intoxicant. The focussing as well as plays a piece of ground in reservation jeopardise which lead to the catastrophe. They failed to supply clutch work force for the captain. The U.S seashore entertain to a fault failed to supply sufficient information on vas traffic system.There besides much hazard whitethorn do oil spew but non the Valdez spill. Natural run besides can do oil spill. When the tectonic stem bases shift place there are some oil escape from the militias confine deep under the ocean. Natural ooze is besides addition due to gay activity such as boring.The manner choose to make full the well besides one of the hazard which lead to the spill. For illustration BP besides chose to lade the well with saltwater, instead than w eightery boring clay. This procedure than go forthing the well vulnerable to an go of oil and gas. A status that is non allowed for explorative Wellss drilled in other topographic points, experts said. The company besides chose non to utilize self-loading stoppers, devices put inside the pipe that besides can blockade oil and gas which lead to detonation.Oil remains a preferable energy beginning and increase regard for this resource translates to an increasing demand to transport them where they are needed safely, rapidly and at the cheapest cost. In this respect, grapevines remain a cost- economic pick particularly for transporting at long distances on land. Consequently, building of these mega grapevine substructure undertakings will hold nimble important impacts on the environment in the flatt of a big sour of hydrocarbons. It is necessary so that these undertakings be carefully assessed and managed to extenuate the inauspicious impacts of an oil spill incident.The companies involved in oil descend each have their ain informations. They are besides each responsible for operations. If informations non shared out consequently, there will be opportunities of accident which may subsequently do oil spill. They should portion the informations otherwise and carried out the operation otherwise.Another the most common hazard that lead to oil spill is outpouring from the land. Many land-based engines are running by crude oil fuel or crude oil based lubricators. All these substances are easy released, where roll uping on roads and in the land where in the end stop up in ocean. This happens due to miss of consciousness among us. These issues may do a serious pollution issue.Consequences of all the jeopardies of the spill catastropheThe 1989 Valdez incident was one of the terminal points in Exxon Mobil s 125 year history. The incident made Exxon Mobile took duty over the oil spill. As portion of the condemnable supplication understanding, the tribunal fined Exxon $ cl million . They spent over $ 4.3 billion. The killing procedure required about 10,000 plus workers, 1,000 over boats and approximately 100 over aeroplanes and choppers. The all right which Exxon Mobile paid was the largest all right of all time for the environmental offense. This was the direct impact from the catastrophe.The spill had caused over $ 300 million injury particularly to economic wise more than 32 1000 people whose supports depended on commercial-grade seek. Oil spill hold a serious consequence on ocean life every bit good. Oil spill cause dislocation of gas exchange. This ulterior lead to decease of plankton and fish. The petroleum oil besides poisoning speed up beings. Marine life dies due to this grounds. anyways marine life birds besides affect by oil spill. Birds which have direct contact with oil affects its protective out coat. It breaks down the insulating capacity of plumes and pelt and motion. using up which allocated for touristry decreased by eight per centum in reciprocal ohm cardinal Alaska and by 30 five per centum in south west Alaska in the twelvemonth later on the spill. Deceased fishes and birds all get wash up on the shoreline and the oil eluding interferes in actions such as seafaring, swimming, fishing and touristry. The local touristry industry suffers the much because tourers are non acute in glide path to a coastal country where they can non make the activities which listed above. There was a injury of around 9,000 visitants and $ 5.5 million in province disbursement. Industries that depend on clean saltwater for regular operations can besides impact because operations have to be stopped while the procedure of change the H2O.Oil spill besides at once affects the economic system. Recreational athletics fishing had direct impact from Exxon Valdez oil spill. This dismissal was estimated based on the impacts of the oil spill.for the twelvemonth 1989, the doomed was estimated around $ 580million.The oil spill catastroph e is non a job which can be cleaned instantly. It leaves a long term effects to the environment. After 12 old ages from the spill, a study showed oil could still be found on half(prenominal) of the 91 indiscriminately selected beaches. For illustration, serious exposures for old ages after the spill to oil run in sedimentary safeties were proves from biomarkers in fish, sea otters, and sea ducks confidentially connected with deposits for bollock laying or forage. These continual exposures better mortality for old ages.Improvements and alterations in the directionAfter the awful incident, Exxon Mobil had doubled its long-time committedness to safeguard the environment, employees and runing communities over the worldwide. To forestall another catastrophe Exxon Mobil had circumscribed its oiler paths. They planned consequently the paths. They even instituted drug and intoxicant testing plans for safety and sensitive issue. They had learned a lesson from the old catastrophe. Implem enting more extended periodic approximation of Exxon Mobil vass and installations seems another measure to forestall oil spill. They even applied new engineering to better vas pilotage and guarantee the unity of oil containment systems.Not merely Exxon Mobil but each and every direction involved in this field should take a shit some betterment to forestall oil spill. There are Hazard estimate through a comprehensive hazard appraisal, can organize a hard scientific foundation for all their repartee programs. . It gives an indicant on where you can place your intercession steps and what equipment needs to be at that place to efficaciously pull off a spill incident.Environmental sensitivenesss see the sensitivenesss in the country which may be potentially impacted in an oil spill.Pipeline response evasion the grapevines are normally truly long and it is non possible to mensurate spill sensor every kilometres. So should pattern posing of response bases to react in an efficie nt and timely mode.Equipment types and measure the quality of the equipment is really of import. Management should verify whether the equipment following the ISO criterion.Stakeholder direction this is an unmarked critical component. A stakeholder is anyone who has an link in the undertaking and can act upon or impact the success of a undertaking. Management should see and understand their motivations and place