Indian Civilization Essay

Civilization is the greatest achievement in the history of human beings. While defining the term polish, Philip Atkinson says, Civilization is a community that dominates tout ensemble other communities by violence. 1 The things which argon essential to make a politeness are cities, governments, armies, and communal achievements like subjugations and inventions. The civilization started from the formation of the cities. And most of the quaint civilization flourished in the savings bank of rivers. E. g.Egyptian Civilization which was flourished in the bank of Nile River while Indian civilization prospered in the bank of Ganga River and the Saptasindhu (The overthrow of heptad rivers) region. In ancient globe the different civilizations developed. Among them some major and notable civilizations were the Egyptian Civilization, Greek Civilization, Persian Civilization and the Indian Civilization. Indian civilization during the Later Vedic Period is explained in this paper throu gh intuitive, rational, and a posteriori essence India is regarded as the cradle of civilization. Civilization started here in this land very long time ago.About 3000 B. C. , the civilization shaped in India. This civilization is mantic to be one of the worlds first of all great civilizations. We can vex innumerable amazing things which are the deduction of the immensity of this civilization from all perspectives such as literature, art, architecture, science mathematics and astrology. Indian civilization has presumptuousness a platform to many scientific discoveries. Here in our paper we are considering the specific period for our seek and that is Vedic Period which started in 1500 B. C. After the ruin of Harappan cities Indian subcontinent experience a new civilization.This new culture was brought in India by the Aryans. Aryans came from rally Asia through Khaibar Khind and settled in the region of seven rivers which was cognize as Saptasindhu. And after that they start ed settling in Ganges valley which was known as Aryavarta. This particular era is called Vedic period because in this age the phantasmal and philosophical hymns called Veda were serene by the Aryan people. The Vedas composed by Aryans were fundamentally in Sanskrit language. The Vedas were of four types, first is Rigveda which is the oldest hymns The other three are surface-to-air missile Veda, Yajurveda, and Athharva Veda.These three Vedas basically laid a strong foundation to Hindi religion and the Hindu doctrines. Rigveda is the mythical text which includes the knowledge in its goldbrick imagery of what the clairvoyant had realized. Yajurveda is the Vedas of ritual which consisted of 1975 verse mantras. It has split into forty chapters. Samveda is the veda of margin call or music while Atharva Veda is the Veda of Chants. The Vedic period is excessively divided into two different eras, Early Vedic period and Later Vedic Period. Later Vedic period started in around 1000B. C. to 600 B. C.This age is likewise known as the Epic age because the one of the greatest epics from the world were composed during this era. They are Ramayana and Mahabharata. Ramayana was indite by sage Valmiki while Mahabharata was composed by Sage Vyas. Intuitive Theatre, Music and Drama in Vedic Period Aryans created Samveda to fulfill their deep predilections and flair for art. The different Gods were worshipped during different times of the days and nights. The Brahmanas who supposed to be the highest topmost Varnas were responsible for program line the art and literature.The religion and music were associated with each other and the artist was supposed to give up all worldly pleasures and comforts and devote himself to the full to his art. The women basically were expert in fine art than performing arts. Indian Classical dances also flourished in the same period. Along with the progress in music, the arts of choreography and theater were also in vogue. According to the Lin ga Puraana, a major disciple of Shivaa named Nandikeshwara wrote a treatise on the subject of dancing called Nritya- Darpan. (Nritya means dance and darpan means mirror).2 In Vedic period the music would be highly esteemed place in every family. Vocal Music, dance, and instrumental music would be performed in strict rhythm. Vedic period was prospering from all point of views. In music theatre and drama also this civilization had given remarkable contribution. The major book written on classical music dance and drama was by sage Bharata which whence became popular as Natyashastra. It is the major dramatic theory of Sanskrit drama. This book has given the proper rules of writing, performing dance, music, and theatre.The exact period of Natyashastra is unknown but it is predicted that it was written in 200B. C. to 200A. D. Vedic Architecture There was a strong emphasise of science behind every Vedic Architecture. Vedic Architecture was known as Vastu Shastra. Basically the buildi ngs built in ancient India were based on the scientific parameters. While describing about the Architecture in India Swami B. G. Narasingha in his article Vastu Shastra and Sacred Architecture states, Throughout the world its hard to find a place where quasi-religious architecture is as developed a science as is that found in India.Indias ancient temples and palaces are certainly among the finest ever built. From the Taj Mahal, the seventh wonder of the world, to the Pagodas of Tamil Nadu, from the Himalayan pitcher shrines to the great temple at Jagannatha Puri, India is a veritable treasure-house of holy architecture. In fact there are more existing examples of sacred architecture in India than in all other countries of the world combined. 3 experimental Vedic mathematics In Vedic period, the major mathematicians like Aryabhatta, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara II who contributed in achieving the outstanding progress in mathematics.The Indian mathematics was wholesome advanced an d the scholars of mathematics studied basically decimal number system, zero, and electronegative numbers, arithmetic and algebra. There was a gap of a few speed of light years between Vedic period and the first millennium A. D. when the works of some major Indian astronomer-mathematicians like Aryabhatta, Brahmagupta, Shridhara and Bhaskara I and II appeared. 4 The Vedic mathematics was basically composed in Sanskrit language which used to be the official language of Aryans. The numeral works consisted of the section of sutras.In these sutras the mathematical problems were stated into verses so that it would be possible for the students to understand them quickly. The special sign of Vedic mathematics is that though the bulky texts they were they were maintain by extension through oral tradition. The people in those days used to hold it and thus by learning the sutras and all other mathematical concepts they preserved the mathematics and handed over it to the next generation. It is really an amazing mark of Indian culture. truly remarkable achievements of the Indian pandits who have preserved hugely bulky texts orally for millennia. 5