Counter Terrorism Strategies in India

Counter Terrorism Strategies in IndiaFreedom at the Helm Strategic model for a Secure IndiaRebecca Sayreticuloendothelial systemAbstractThe three-day attack on Mumbai sought to undermine the liberty of India. Indians at a time carry more united than of all time in protecting our way of life. In an motility to strengthen methods presently used to combat terrorists, a counterterrorism strategy has been implemented. The outline c each(prenominal)s for additional anti-terrorism methods, organizational changes, as intimately as partnerships between the central and state political relations. Citizens pack to be vigilant and willing to work with their topical anesthetic government. India barely cannot go this alone. The inter interior(a) community must act as partners to hinder recurring acts of violence by Pakistan-based extremists. Cumulatively, measures outlined in this Strategy make for a stronger India.Implementing a StrategyThe objective of implementing a discipline coun terterrorism strategy is to protect India, Indian citizens and Indian interests abroad as well as at home. The Strategy will serve as a blueprint of guiding principles, priorities, and direction for fair play enforcement, as well as government agencies. Those who were avidly against The Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) should be reassured that measures outlined in the Strategy will not encroach on the fundamental rights of Indian citizens. The government seeks to work with its citizens in promoting awareness of the evolving challenges of modern day terrorism. Together we can work to abolish those radical individuals who seek to ill-treat our way of life.Pakistan-Based Islamic Extremist GroupsPakistan-based extremist groups pose the greatest scourge to Indias national credential measures. Specifically, groups net ball (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) can be relate to numerous recurring acts of violence against India. In a coordinated essay in 2001, the groups launched an att ack on the Indian fan tan House in New Delhi. The well-orchestrated Mumbai attacks in 2008 were in addition LeT linked (Rath, p.63-69). Violent jihadi terrorism strategically aims to damage India economically and stir up religious hatred between Hindus and Muslims. Due to this overwhelming threat, India will base its Strategy around countering the threat of Pakistan-based extremist groups through breakd organizational structures within government agencies, and partnerships throughout the multinational community.Countering ThreatsThwarting terroristic activities is daedal it requires diligent information gathering on individuals, objectives, capabilities, and planning. municipalally, counterterrorism encompasses many state and federal agencies. In regards to intelligence gathering, the Indian military, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), seek and Analysis Wing (RAW), as well as the comprehension Bureau (IB) lead operations and analysis for detecting terrorist related activ ities under the central government (Gordon, p. 117-118). constabulary forces operate under the jurisdiction of state and Union territories to enforce laws, conduct criminal investigations, and respond to local threats (Gordon, p. 117-118).As counterterrorism measures enhance, interagency collaboration will be amplified in a sustainable fashion across all jurisdictions. Intelligence agencies have been successful in identifying potential terrorist attacks (Mahadevan, p.98). What we learned from the attack on Mumbai is agencies need to be able to act swiftly in a jointly coordinated effort to deny terrorists the subject matter of carrying out their activities (Stani subvert, p.1). For that reason, an independent fusion center has been naturalized to analyze and integrate intelligence relevant to national security collected by the military, CBI, RAW, and IB. Pertinent information will then be disseminated to those who need it at local levels.Agencies also have to be operationally sou nd. Police forces need capabilities to follow up on intelligence warnings. This requires proper manpower, weaponry, training, communications, and transportation facilities. These tools permit police forces to take preemptive measures while bring down response times (Staniland, p.1). In order to accommodate these needs, agencies will be appropriated additional funding to tackle the necessary as scores for safeguarding national security.Inclusive of this funding is the Border Security Force (BSF), responsible for guarding Indias land borders (Matthews, 2011). Volatile rural areas like Jammu and Kashmir require additional security protocols to prevent terrorists from slipping through Indian entryway points. Battlefield surveillance radars, long-range reconnaissance and observations systems will be added to the agencies arsenal (Matthews, 2011). Terrorists, smugglers, and pirates regularly threatened Indian coastline and regional waters (Matthews, 2011) thitherfore more emphasis wil l be placed on securing this area and reducing vulnerabilities. Protection of our seas is a priority BSF will be provided additional vessels and surveillance mechanisms required for the coastline.Domestic PolicyIn the past, Indian officials have faced challenges reaching political consensus in countering terror. For the greater serious of India, political leadership will place partisan matters aside in a joint effort to formulate timely policies to counter terrorism. In 2004, the Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) was repealed (Prevention of Terrorism Repeal Act, 2004). To indemnify, the culpable Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) was amended to further include crimes associated with terrorism (The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Ordinance, 2004). In an effort to improve on legislation that was perceived as infringing on Indian liberties, national security was exposed to vulnerabilities. India now operates under new legislation that is aggressive on susceptibilities while safeguarding against misuse.Under UAPA confessions made before a police officer were not admissible as evidence (Toughing the Law, 2009). Now, holdtees have been put into place to asses each case individually and the admissibility of the confession in court. This ensures confessions are made within the parameters of Indian law, while allowing the government to utilize key evidence in cases relevant to terrorism. Additionally and similar to POTA (Toughing the Law, 2009), new law has launch special courts for terror related cases. Cases involving terrorist activities, including fund raising and recruitment will be fast-tracked. Failing to advance these cases constitutes a threat to the security and stability of the state.Extraordinary circumstances require extraordinary measures. There is a distinct difference between ordinary crime and terrorism. UAPA does not differentiate standards for bail between the roughhewn criminal and terrorists (Singh, p. 402). Therefore, bail provisio ns specific to activities related to terrorism have been passed into law. Bail is now set in a way which is proportional to the charges. The onus lies with the judge not to grant this privilege unless there is confidence that the accused is not guilty of terrorist related offenses.Toughening these laws ensure terrorists do not walk absent free after being caught in the act. They will not however, deter an individual from committing atrocities. Terrorism has to be dealt with in the context of its growing threat to India. This starts with better governance. Elected officials at all levels must portion out the same objectives on terrorism. Partnerships between the central government, states, as well as Union territories are all important(p) (Athana, p.15-16). Likewise, a partnership between the government and its people is imperative. This requires mutual trust and respect. Citizens cannot hesitate on report suspected terrorist activities to appropriate officials or law enforcement . Through these partnerships, we stand united in fighting wild extremist.International CooperationIndia has one of the worlds highest levels of terrorist violence. In 2012, the Global Terrorism Index ranked India quaternary among countries most affected by terrorism (Global Terror Index, 2012). Numerous attacks can be directly attributed to Pakistan-based extremists. The international community is well aware of the forces skirt the tumultuous relationship between Pakistan and India. UN resolution 39 established the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) attempting to mediate on-going conflicts (General Assembly, 1948). As the UN has condoned Pakistan to continue to blatantly pledge and harbor terrorist activities, the resolution has missed relevance.Terrorism is not isolated to India, it is a global quandary. The international community is more interdependent than ever in countering these types of threats. The UN, along with allied nations must place additional pressure on Pakistan to further reserve its commitment on fighting terrorism. Rapprochement is unfeasible without the support of the international community. Pakistan must send the pith that it will not export transnational terrorism by refusing to act aggressively against those who seek to commit heinous crimes against India. Furthermore, Pakistan must cooperate with the Indian government in extraditing those associated with crimes carried out on Indian soil. reversible peace discussions cannot resume until this occurs.The United States and India have held an amiable relationship. Following the 9/11 attack, India offered the U.S. unlimited support including the use of specific air bases (Fair, p. 76-77). Further, we have collaborated on counterterrorism endeavors. The Federal Bureau of Investigation worked diligently with Indian security services after Mumbai (Staniland, p. 3). India recognizes that the United States is deeply engaged with Pakistan in regards to aid and operati ons surrounding Afghanistan (Asthana, p.17). This empowers the U.S. to impose unrelenting pressure on Pakistan regarding transnational terrorism (Asthana, p.17). Additionally, the U.S. should continue assistance to Indian security forces. India could greatly benefit from increased anti-terrorism courses for police and domestic intelligence forces.ConclusionThe 11/26 attack on Mumbai reaffirmed that transnational violence carried out by Pakistani extremist groups remains a conduct threat to Indias national security. In addition, numerous terrorist attacks in recent years have been linked to the on-going conflicts in Jammu and Kashmir (Gordon, p.111). India is not immune from the dangers that both domestic and foreign terrorists pose. It is foreseeable that terrorists will continue to physical object Indian interests globally. The Strategy outlined will serve as a guide to counter those threats. As a society, we must continue to live our lives without forfeiting the liberties radica l extremists seek to demolish. Terrorism cannot intimidate or breaking ball the will of the people.CitationsAsthana, Vandana. (2010, June 1). Cross-border terrorism in India Counterterrorism strategies and challenges. Department of Government and International Affairs East Washington University, 1 June 2010. Retrieved from https//ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/27703/CrossBorderTerrorisminIndiaCounterterrorismStrategiesandChallenges.pdf?sequence=2Fair,C.C. (2004). The counterterror coalitions Cooperation with Pakistan and India. Retrieved from Rand website http//www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2004/RAND_MG141.pdfGeneral Assembly resolution 39, The rule of law at the national and international levels, S/654 (20 January 1948), Retrived from http//www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=s/res/39(1948)Global Terrorism Index Capturing the Impact of Terrorism for the Past decade. (2012). Retrieved from Institute For Economics and Peace website http//www.vision ofhumanity.org/sites/ neglectfulness/files/2012_Global_Terrorism_Index_Report.pdfGordon, S. (2008). Policing terrorism in India. Crime, Law Social Change, 50(1/2), 111-124.Mahadevan, P. (2012). The politics of counterterrorism in India Strategic intelligence and national security in South Asia. London I.B. Tauris.Mathews, N. (2011). Guarding Access. Defense Technology International, 5(1), 32.Parliament of India. (2004). PREVENTION OF TERRORISM (REPEAL) ACT 2004 (14). Retrieved from https//www.unodc.org/tldb/showDocument.do?documentUid=6920node=docscmd=addcountry=INDParliament of India. (2004). The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Ordinance, 2004. Retrieved from http//www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/document/actandordinances/the_unlawful_activities__amendord2004.htmRath, S. (2013). South Asias future security The danger of terrorism from Pakistan. Social Research Reports, 2563-89.Singh,U.K. (2007). The state, democracy and anti-terror laws in India. New Delhi Sage P ublications.Toughing the Law. (2009, January 9). India Today Bureau. Retrieved from http//indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Toughening+the+law/1/24801.html