Social and Medical Disability Models Essay -- Disability

IntroductionIn this assignment, I aim to provide the reader with an overview of two prominent models of constipation the medical model and the sociable model. More specifically, I intend to outline the differences between these models, especially their theory and practice. Firstly, I will note the explanation of what a model of disability is and crown to its relevance in disability studies. I will also briefly examine the origins of both the medical and social models, but mainly outlining the contributions of their respective conjectural content and influence in society.Overall, the main aim of the assignment is to be achieved by providing a general outline of the social and medical disability models, which burn down be used to highlight the differences in the theoretical basis and practice methods. This will serve the reader with an overview of both disability models, which acknowledges the differences to how disability can be defined and approached in society.Outlining the dif ferences of the medical and social models of disability, giving detail of their respective theory and practiceImpairment, disability and the use of models of disabilityA clear definition of the term disability, it can be widely presumed, has never been universally agreed upon by any lay or in-depth study. This can be due to disability pertaining to different viewpoints ultimately, the person who experiences the impairment and the person who does not. Another factor can be the norms found in various world cultures (Thomas, 2002). There is also self-contradictory discussion on the contextual nature of impairment, which is vital to denoting disability. Usually when signifying dysfunction of a bodily organ or appendage, examples of impairment woul... ...dine, M. & Dukelow, F. 2009. Irish Social policy A Critical Introduction. Dublin Gill & MacmillanHammell, K. 2006. Perspectives on disability & rehabilitation Contesting Assumptions Challenging Practice. Philidelphia Churchill Livings toneMcClaren, N. 1998. A Critical Review of the Biopsychosocial Model, Australian and New Zealand journal of Psychiatry, Vol 32, No. 1 pp. 86 - 92Oliver, M. 1990. The Politics of Disablement. London The MacMillan Press LtdOliver, M. 1996. Understanding Disability From Theory to Practice. Hampshire PalgraveRoyal Association for Disability Rights (RADAR). 2010. Accessed from http//www.radar.org.uk/radarwebsite on the sixth November 2010Thomas, C. (2002). Disability Theory Key ideas, Issues and Thinkers, In Barnes, C., Barton, L. & Oliver, M. Disability Studies Today. Cambridge Polity Press. pp 38 - 57

Rosenberg :: essays research papers

September 28, 1915 Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg born March 1917 The Russian Revolution begins 1917 Espionage Act that the Rosenbergs are convicted of violating is enacted May 12, 1918 Julius Rosenberg born 1929 Communist Party of the United States is founded Early 1930s Julius Rosenberg is extremity of Young Communist League campaigns for ScottsboroBoys 1934 Julius Rosenberg enters City College of New York is involved in radical politics Summer 1939 Julius and Ethel Rosenberg married December 7, 1941 United States enters World state of war II after the attack on Pearl Harbor 1942 Julius Rosenberg becomes member of U. S. Signal Corps 1943 Rosenbergs cease open activities with Communist Party Daily role player subscription stops 1943 Soviet spymaster Feklisov first meets with Julius Rosenberg July 1944 David Greenglass chosen to work on the Manhattan Project November 1944 Julius Rosenberg recruits aid of Greenglasses in obtaining information about theManhattan Project December 1944 J ulius Rosenberg provides Soviets with a propinquity fuse January 1945 David Greenglass provides his own notes and a sketch of a high-explosive lens fromthe Manhattan Project June 1945 Harry Gold meets with Greenglass in Albuqurque July 16, 1945 United States explodes first Atom bomb at Alamogordo, New Mexico August 6, 1945 United States drops Atom bomb at Hiroshima September 2, 1945 World War II ends with the Japanese surrender September, 1945 Greenglass meets with Rosenberg while on forlough in New York 1945 Julius Rosenberg is dismissed from U. S. Signal Corps 1946 Feklisov meets with Julius Rosenberg for the last time Late 1946 The Verona Code is broken 1947 Rosenbergs machine shop business fails June 30, 1948 Max Elitcher and Morton Sobell drive to Catherine thinning where Sobell met with JuliusRosenberg to exchange microfilm August 28, 1949 Soviets detonate their first Atom bomb January 21, 1950 Alger Hiss convicted of perjury in denying that he passed secret documents toCommu nist agent Whittaker chamber February 2, 1950 Klaus Fuchs arrested March 1950 Julius Rosenberg warns Greenglass to flee country May 1950 Rosenberg asks his physician about what kind of shots are necessary for trip to Mexico May 22, 1950 Harry Gold confesses to the FBI May or June 1950 Rosenbergs visit a photographer to obtain passport photos June 15, 1950 David Greenglass names Julius as the man who recruited him to spy for the SovietUnion June 16, 1950 Julius Rosenberg is first interviewed by FBI Joel Barr disappears in genus Paris June 30, 1950 United States forces engage in the Korean War

Justice :: essays research papers

JusticeShould the strong be required to support the weak? How does society "distribute"wealth among its members? These are the questions. there are three basic sidesto this issue. The permissive system entitles individuals to a subsistenceincome supply for existing as a human. The puritan system requires that peopleat least be willing to contribute to society in order to receive a subsistenceincome. Finally, the Individual view holds the property rights of the individualto be sacred no one may forcibly deprive him of his goods. I will argue for thelast alternative.Individualism is an extension of Lockes idea of property rights. AnIndividualist believes each individual owns his own life, the fruits of his labor,and his property. No one may deprive him of these property rights. He is free toact as long as his actions do not step in with the property rights of others.At this point it is important to define what money is. Money is an trade ofvalue. Money has value because it represent labor, or value, one has created butnot yet used. Money in my pocket is what I have created but not yet consumed.Money is not a natural resource it does not grow on trees. Men can make moneyby their physical or mental labor. Do I not, then, have full birdsong to myearnings?If A discovers a cure for AIDS it surely was not solely a product of A.Societys framework made the discovery possible A had to build on previousknowledge she had to use a laboratory she probably did not own. All of thesefactors make society a partner in the discovery. Therefore, she does not havethe right to all of the benefits of her discovery she must give up some of herbenefits to society at large.It is true that A did not in person create every piece of equipment she used tomake the discovery however, the point missed by in this situation is thatproperty is held by individuals, and A had to exchange value in the form ofmoney to buy or rent the equipment she used. The owners have already been paidfo r the use of their equipment. Business agreements occur between individualsthere is no entity, "society," that handed her a gift. If A were to have to paymore to "society," then she would, in effect, be paying twice.If a permissivist responds with "but she will motor rich selling the cure for ahigh price while thousands are dying," there are basically two responses.

The Spiritual and Physical Dimensions in The Birthmark Essay -- miscel

The Spiritual and Physical Dimensions in The BirthmarkFred Allen Wolf n unmatcheds in Taking the Quantum Leap that it was not until the 20th century that scientists realized that to observe is to disturb, for observation breaks the wholeness of nature. If observing disturbs, then when a scientist tampers and tries to perfect nature the result can only be disastrous. The goal of most scientists is to observe and understand the mysteries of nature. Nathaniel Hawthorne realized that the scientists of the 19th century were beginning to challenge the traditional views of intuition and reality. The traditional view of man holds that man is both material and spiritual. Advancements in science led some scientists to begin to think that man was only material and therefore with enough enlightenment science could control all of nature including man himself. Hawthorne, however, objected to the idea of mans ability to totally control all aspects of human livelihood. Hawthorne, in his short s pirit level The Birthmark, uses the imagery and character to show that man has both a spiritual and material dimension that are deeply interwoven and unable to be entirely controlled.Hawthorne presents the prevailing thinking of the man of science with the introduction of Aylmer who typifies the man of science who thinks that he is able to ascend from one step of powerful intelligence to another, until the philosopher should lay his hand on the secret of creative force (Hawthorne 1). Hawthorne hints that Aylmer believes he can posses ultimate and total control of Nature (1).Hawthorne uses the birthmark on Georgianas establishment to represent the spiritual or non-material aspects of man. Initially, when Hawthorne describes the birthmark, he views it as however a physical defect. He refers to it as being the visible mark of earthly imperfection, (1). As Aylmer continues to dwell on the imperfection, it begins to take on a deeper meaning. He begins to see it as the fatal flaw of h umanity which comes from the hand of Nature (1). Later, he sees it as the symbol of his wifes liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death, (1). Hawthorne uses Georgiana as a representative of all mankind by telling that Nature places a flaw on all her productions, (1). As Aylmer begins to recognize the defect in connection with her immortality, he begins to acknowledge that there is something deeper than the mater... ...ever understood the reality he denied, it is not certain, but the terminal commentary by the narrator suggests that Georgianas death settles the question of the reality of the natural and spiritual world and the intertwining of the two. He explains that the fatal hand had grappled with the mystery of life and was the bond by which an angelic spirit kept itself in union with a mortal frame, (7). The angelic spirit and the mortal frame were inseparable and one could not exist without the other. It was this that Aylmer could not believe, for he was a man of science, fa ct, and one whom could not grasp the idea of a spiritual dimension of an individual.Through the birthmark and Aylmer, Hawthorne illustrates that an individual has both a physical soundbox seen by all and a spirit that is unseen. Aylmer first believes, like other scientists, that all things are merely physical. But Georgianas birthmark is used to symbolize the spirit that grasps all humans. Georgianas death comes when her spirit is removed from her physical body. Hawthorne uses the birthmarks intertwining with the body to reveal that man has a spiritual dimension and a physical dimension, both of which are intertwined.

Essay --

Children In The Civil WarFor my project on the Civil War, I researched the children that were around to see it. I think its important to know how this war impacted children, or even the involvement of children, because of what kids are like today. Today kids sit around and play video games active shooting people, back then, some propagation kids had to.When the Civil War broke out in 1861, kids from both the Union and the Confederacy said goodbye to some of their family members or even united the military themselves. In fact, roughly twenty percent of Civil War soldiers were younger than eighteen. For the Union, this was the minimum recruitment age. However in times of war, laws were easily overlooked. The Confederacy, however, had no set age limit. Most youngsters werent exactly the fighters, but rather musicians. Technically, their job description didnt include fighting, but if necessity be, it wasnt uncommon for one to arm themselves and defend their lives. (http//www.pbs.org/w gbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/grant-kids/)I find it interesting to think that teenagers todays biggest concerns compared to those during the war. Today youll find teenagers whose biggest problems in breeding are getting a five page essay on the Civil War in on time, acne, or those shoes they saw at the mall being ten dollars over the spending limit that their mom gave them. Back then teenagers were running through a hailstorm of bullets, watching as their friends and brothers pull down inches away from them. They were thirsty for clean water, hungry for food, yearning for their mothers, or sometimes, even just wishing to be dead so it would end. Some assisted surgeons and sawed pip damaged arms and legs. They endured the terrors that were associate... ...ive. (http//www.ducksters.com/history/civil_war/life_during_the_civil_war.php)Slave children were also impacted by this war, however slightly more positively. For many, this war meant freedom. Before the war ha d quite started, enslaved children had get away to the North, either with their families or individually. When the war started, many of these families and children would slip into Union territory. Once Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, floods of these families came over. Homes for freed slaves was often no more than a wooden pugilism crate. Food was treasure, and disease was everywhere. Hope was not lost though. Northerners established schools that would teach blacks of all ages how to read and write. Soon, young African Americans pulled a white teenager and joined the army. They fought for the Union cause and thus experienced the terrors of war.

Essay --

Children In The accomplished warfareFor my project on the Civil war, I researched the children that were around to see it. I deal its important to know how this war impacted children, or even the involvement of children, because of what kids are uniform today. Today kids sit around and play video games about shooting people, back indeed, sometimes kids had to.When the Civil War broke out in 1861, kids from two the Union and the Confederacy said goodbye to some of their family members or even joined the military themselves. In fact, roughly twenty percent of Civil War soldiers were younger than eighteen. For the Union, this was the minimum recruitment age. However in times of war, laws were easily overlooked. The Confederacy, however, had no set age limit. Most youngsters werent exactly the fighters, but preferably musicians. Technically, their job description didnt include fighting, but if need be, it wasnt uncommon for one to arm themselves and defend their lives. (http//www. pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/grant-kids/)I find it interesting to think that teenagers todays biggest concerns compared to those during the war. Today youll find teenagers whose biggest problems in life are getting a five page essay on the Civil War in on time, acne, or those shoes they saw at the mall being ten dollars over the spending limit that their mom gave them. Back then teenagers were running through a hailstorm of bullets, watching as their friends and brothers fell inches away from them. They were thirsty for clean water, hungry for food, yearning for their mothers, or sometimes, even just wish to be dead so it would end. Some assisted surgeons and sawed off damaged arms and legs. They endured the terrors that were associate... ...ive. (http//www.ducksters.com/history/civil_war/life_during_the_civil_war.php)Slave children were also impacted by this war, however just about more positively. For many, this war meant freedom. Before the war had quite started, enslaved children had escaped to the North, either with their families or individually. When the war started, many of these families and children would slip into Union territory. Once Lincoln issues the freedom Proclamation, floods of these families came over. Homes for freed slaves was often no more than a wooden packing crate. Food was treasure, and disease was everywhere. Hope was not lost though. Northerners established schools that would teach blacks of all ages how to construe and write. Soon, young African Americans pulled a white teenager and joined the army. They fought for the Union cause and thus experienced the terrors of war.

An Unforgettable Memory

The silence was so dense and heavy I could almost regain it moreover it was invariably like that between me and dad. He had told me to go grocery shopping with him because we had come back after the summer vacation and there was no proper and edible grocery at home, so we were headed to the local store. Dad was really sick and weak after the flight back from our homeland so I made myself do all the shopping quickly so that he wouldnt have to tire himself. And whenever I am in a rush, I become embarrassingly clumsy, bumping into this and that, and you see things flying here and there but of course its unintentionalBut I,surprisingly, managed to get all the things that were on the shopping list so after I filled the shopping aerial tramway I pushed it to the counter and as I was emptying the contents of the trolley I pushed it to the counter and as I was emptying the contents of the trolley and oh just my luck, thats exactly when the cream cheese glass jar decided to take a roll d own the trolley and smash itself into pieces onto the infrastructure. I wasnt sc ard of anything like if the cashier would add some fine or anything.My dad naturally possesses a loud voice but it was further enhanced because he is diabetic, which gives a sympathetic high tone. So he started wow impulsively and loudly in front of everyone at me how I was always in a hurry, how I can never get things right, how I always made a mess, how I am never careful enough and it went on and on. I was so ashamed and humiliated at myself for not cosmos more careful and I was filled with disgust for myself as I bent down to pick up the broken pieces of glass on the floor and hand it to the cashier who put it in a grocery bag.While I was giving it to him, my fingers were painted with blood which had bled out as I picked the pieces but I didnt notice the physical pain for it was nothing compared to my emotional tornado. Yes, you have every right to think that Im over-sensitive, emotional, and a h ormone-crazed teenager with extreme mood swings. But when the cashier asked me, Did it hurt? I was so deeply touched and moved by this simple act that it made me boozing my tears and tell him a feeble no.This cashier whom I have probably never talked to in my life before could make such(prenominal) a big difference with such a simple but kind and touching deed. I had no idea that sometimes kindness strangers are the garnishing in life we need so that we can digest the main course. And as for the main course, he didnt even bother turning and facial expression back at me and continued walking to the car and I took all the grocery bags to the car and we continued in our silence.

Change Model Essay

The induce of this essay is to critically analyse the background of the Qantas and its decision to open up Jetstar on May 2004 that operated around 800 flights a week across network of 14 destinations inwardly Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. Secondly, this essay will evaluate how selective information Collection Feedback cycle change model is engrossd to gather major information and to critically analyse it. Thirdly, this essay will critically evaluate the background of Qantas and virtuous patrician and will also highlight various reasons that eventually led the Qantas group for the launch of the Jetstar. Fourthly, this essay will also critically analyse the receipts and gather mathematical operation of Qantas prior the introduction of Jetstar i.e. 2002.Fifthly, it will continue to critically evaluate the trend in Qantas and gross(a) gloomy in 2003. Then the sixth divide will also critically evaluate the trend in Qantas after the launch of Jetstar. Lastly, the essay will also look into the annual reports of the stratum 2005-2009 and critically analyse the significant value added by the Jetstar to the Qantas group and will critically analyse whether the executive decision of Qantas to launch Jetstar in order to retain the 60% municipal aviation grocery store from its competitors has been a strategic success or not.This paragraph will critically analyse the change management information poised to launch Jetstar low cost airline in May 2004 by using the Data Collection Feedback Cycle change model. Nadler (1977) as cited in Cumming and Worley (2009122) highlights that the Data Collection Feedback model consists of five phases that are (1) planning to collect data, (2) collecting data, (3) analysing data, (4) feeding back data and (5) following up on the data stack away. In planning to Gather information to justify change Nadler (1977) argues that primary methods such as, direct interviews with CEO and key change agents, observing and identifying t he need for change and the use of un obstructive measure as sampling technique, force field analysis and scatter diagrams, could be used to gather major information.In contrast Danaher make water used various published data to trace the evolution of the Jetstar strategy of its initial correct, to its efforts to attain charge militantness and service parity, followed by its highly focused, cost-efficient service delivery strategy. Based on it they have developed a hierarchical model with parameters estimated at theindividual level. This allows us to study not hardly how service design and pricing initiatives shift the perceived performance of Jetstar relative to its competitors but also how the airline can move commercialise preferences toward areas in which it has competitive usefulness. After done with the planning of the collection of data from competitors performance on its revenue, sales winningss, passenger numbers and market piece in 2002, 2003 and 2004 against Qantas key performance indicators for the equal period between 2002, 2003 and 2004 from the Annual Reports of both gross(a) colored and Qantas domestic trading operations.Nadler (1977), after the data has been collected data they are analysed using the qualitative change data such as directors report, World Business apprise /Australia Airline Profit(2004).The reminder of this essay will critically analyse the data collected from secondary sources such as Annual Reports, newspaper articles and journal articles to analysis the data sourced to evaluate what would be the most effective change to be utilize by Qantas in responding to Virgin benighted competition the Australian aviation domestic sectors.This paragraph will evaluate the basic background of Qantas and Virgin Blue and will also highlight various reasons that eventually led the Qantas group for the launch of the Jetstar. After the deregulation of Australian aviation market there were some(prenominal) airline companies enter ing the market however the most significant entrance was of low fare airlines Impulse in June and Virgin Blue in dread 2000. The arrival of Impulse Airlines and Virgin Blue doubled the number of players and dramatically challenged the st equal duopoly of Qantas (after its merger with Australian Airlines) and Ansett, setting off a vicious price war (Traca, D., 2004). However, Impulse facing a major trouble in the cash flow agreed on May 1, 2001 to hand over its operations to its biggest rival, Qantas Airways. As per the deal Impulse stopped its passenger service under its own name on May 14 and leased 21 aircraft as well as cabin crews and pilots to Qantas. The deal led the stock of Qantas heaved by 26% closing at $3.40 per section giving Qantas a significantly loadeder position in the Australian market (Gaylord, 2001).Qantas, Australias leading domestic and international carries launched a budget airline called Jetstar in May 2004 (Qantas annual report, 2004). With Jetstar Qantas s aim was to cover the low fare segment of the aviationindustry, which came into existence in the grade 2000 with its competitor, Virgin Blue. Virgin had been successfully eating up QANTAS market share by attacking it from below as a no frills leave behindr. In 2001 the collapse of Ansett in domestic market, led Qantas to lease extra flights, add hundreds of excess flights in order to help stranded triplers due to Ansett crisis. At the time Qantas flew more than 50,000 former Ansett passengers for free and other 65,000 on heavily discounted fares.Due to this Qantas was able to deliver a profit before evaluate of $631m and net profit after tax of $428 billion at the end of 2002, 30 June, despite of the event that the worlds aviation market was suffering from constant shock syndrome, due to the September 11 attack followed by bombings in Bali, the war in Iraq and of course the devastating outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Qantas annual report, 2003). The shutdown o f Ansett also highly benefitted Virgin Blue, since the event provided a wide chance for Virgin Blue to grow rapidly and become Australias second leading domestic carrier. In 2000 it started with simply one route (Brisbane to Sydney) with two aircrafts and a team of just 200 people. In 2001, with the opportunity to widen its market segment, 14 new routes were launched (virginaustralia history).The aim of this paragraph is to highlight how Qantas and Virgin Blue became the only two players in the Australian domestic aviation market in 2002. It will also look in to the key financial indicators of both the companies so that a comparison could be drawn out. In 2002 there were only two companies that digestd the fare war of 2000-2001. One of them was Qantas that gained 80% of the domestic market share following Ansetts cessation. Whereas, the number of international passenger declined by 11% which makes an average decline of about 25% in global aviation market (Traca, D., 2004). In t he same year Qantas domestic carried 1485 one million million million passengers making a RPK of $2034 million and the rent of $2503 million (Traffic and capacity statistics, 2002).Qantas announced its financial results for the year stop thirtieth June 2002. As per the financial result the company had $631 million of profit before tax, a net profit after tax of $million, revenue of $ 10,968.8 million and pay per share of 29.1 cents (Qantas annual report, 2002). The other survivor of the fare war, Virgin Blue managed to emerge as second Australian Domestic carrier, covering of about 20% of the domestic market(Traca, D., 2004). Due to its strategic low operating cost and soaring market share, it was able to achieve net profit before tax of $34.8 million and revenue of $388.3 million. In this year the airline carried 3.2 million passengers, its traffic as measured by RPKS was 3169 million, capacity measured by ASKS was 3898 million (Virgin Blue annual report, 2004). In knock again st 2002 Patrick Corporation, the premier port cargo handler, bought 50% of the airline. This change made Godfrey, chief executive of Virgin Blue confident about the enlargement of the domestic operation and also expansion into the international market with service to South Pacific (Traca, D., 2004).This paragraph critically analyses the key financial indicators of the Qantas and the Virgin Blue of the year 2003. It will also highlight how Virgin Blue concentrating only of the leisure domestic market was easily overcoming the market share of Qantas. In 2003 Qantas domestic carried 1768 million passengers making a RPK of $2262 million and the ASK of $2683 million (Traffic and capacity statistics, 2003). Qantas announced its financial results for the year ended 30th June 2003. As per the financial result the company had $502.3 million of profit before tax, a net profit after tax of $343.5 million, revenue of $11,374.9 million and earnings per share of 20 cents (Qantas annual report 20 03).Speaking of announcements, in the Annual General face-off held on 16th October 2003 it was announced that the airline is analyze the establishment of separate domestic low cost airline to service the leisure market in Australia (Preliminary monthly traffic and capacity statistics, July 2003).In this same year Virgin Blue carried 6.8 million passengers, its traffic as measured by RPKS was 7194 million, capacity measured by ASKS was 9078 million. Taking advantage of the fact that Virgin Blue had no other competitor serving the price sensitive market of Australia, it earned revenue of $914.6 million, compared to previous year the revenue earned up roared by 135.5% and the number of passengers carried also increased by 107% (Virgin Blue annual report, 2003).This paragraph will critically analyse the launch of Jetstar in May 2004 and the changes that it brought in the key financial indicators of Qantas and as well as of Virgin Blue. Following the announcement made in 2003 AnnualGen eral Meeting Qantas Introduced Jetstar in May 2004. In the first year Jetstar alone carried 273,000 passengers. Prior Jetstar Qantas already had Qantas Domestic and Qantas Link serving domestic passengers. With these three Qantas in hail carried 1973 million passengers. Compared to 2003/04 the number increased by 9.4% (Traffic and capacity statistics, 2004). In the same year Total Domestic (Qantas, Qantas Link and Jetstar) traffic was measured in tax income Passenger Kilometres (RPKs) of $2451 million while capacity, measured in Available Seat Kilometres (ASKs) increased to $3021 million (Traffic and capacity statistics, 2004).On 19 August 2004, Qantas announced its financial results for the year ended 30 June 2004. In the announcement it was stated that the company had achieved a profit before tax of $964.6 million and a net profit after tax of $648.4 million. Similarly, $11.4 billion of revenue, earning per share of 35.7 cents (Qantas annual report, 2004/05). Despite increasing domestic competition during the year Virgin Blue continued to show strong growth and profitability. During the year Virgin Blue carried over 10million (m) passengers, an increase of 53% compared to previous year. Doubling its passenger number the third time in a row in this same year it welcomed its 20 millionth passenger. Its revenue for the 2004 financial year was $1362.3million which is 49% more than the previous year.In the same year profit before tax was up by 45% to 226.2million and a Net Profit After Tax of 158.5million (Virgin blue annual report, 2004). Till March 31, 2004 Virgin Blue had 44 Boeing Net Generation 737 700 & 737 -800 aircraft out of which 36 were leased and 8 were owned. However, during the year the fleet was increased by 15 aircrafts. Since the daylight of establishment Virgin Blue was committed to keep its cost base low and they are continuously working through it so that they could consistently provide their customers with low fares travel. Their cost per ASK for the financial year 2004 was 8.16 cents whereas a year before it was 8.48 cents. A decrease of 3.5% put the company on a unspoilt front in terms of scale and productivity (Virgin blue annual report 2004). The Australian discount airline Virgin Blue, has won 30% of the market from Qantas, the national carrier, which will introduce a low-fare airline, Jetstar. Fare surcharges are being imposed by both groups as fuel prices rise (Shaw, 2004). Jetstars initially offered $48 for Melbourne to Hobart route and from $54 for Sydney to the resorts south of Brisbane.The price was similarto what the price Virgin Blue was offering at the same period. All Jetstar flights offered one frame of travel, with unreserved seating. In contrast Virgin Blue offered assigned seating and baggage connections to final destinations (Henly, 2004). This paragraph critically analyse the key indicators for Qantas and Virgin Blue for launching Jetstar in May 2004. It is very clear with the annual report th at Jetstar has been profitable ever since it was launched in the year 2004 (Jetstar Media centre). However, the road wasnt quiet fluent in the initial years. From its launch Jetstar was exclusively using a low price message in its communication, but it was lagging way behind Virgin Blue in terms of quality. The Jetstar overall quality disadvantage was greater at 22.3% (6.02 versus 7.75) (Danaher et.al, 2011. pp. 586 -594, Fig 3).Jetstar was already appealing on the price front, and then it intercommunicate its famine in quality and tackled that by focusing on some specific sub attributes (not disclosed by the company) that provided Jetstar a good opportunity to scourge the point of difference with Virgin Blue. Then the price perception of Jetstar relative to Virgin Blue dramatically improved from 6.9% deficit in March 2008 to 2.5% deficit in only 3months i.e. 7.42 versus 7.62 (Danaher et.al, 2011. pp. 586 -594, Fig 3). Since the establishment the main concern as a parent company for Qantas Group was that whether Jetstar would financially be profitable in its own right. Hence, it did by earning revenue of $1.020 billion, $1.414 billion, and $1.605 billion in the year 2007, 2008, and 2009 respectively.It was 7%, 10%, 12% of Qantas group revenue respectively (Qantas annual report, 2009). Similarly, in the same order the profit earned was $79 million, $104 million and $118 million (Danaher et.al, 2011. pp. 586 -594, Table 2). Similarly, speaking of market share of Jetstar, it has increased by 29% from the year 2008-2009. foregoing with the perceived mediocre price competitiveness and low quality it was in a poor position as compared to Virgin Blue, whereas, with the necessary remedies taken within the 1st quarter of 2008 it was in position almost equal to Virgin Blue in terms of covering the large proportion of the target market. Jetstar food market Share of Domestic Australian Leisure Air Travel was 14% in the first quarter of 2008, with the changes made th e market share increased to 14.6% and it stepwise kept on increasing and it had 18.1% of market share in March 2009. Further, with the increase in profit it improved its perceptual position, whereas,Virgin Blue has remained relatively stationary.In conclusion if we are to pay close attention to the domestic growth strategies of the countrys largest airline company Qantas, its decision of launching Jetstar seems be a successful strategic decision. It was matter of concern that the Virgin Blue an airline company focusing on the price sensitive market would whether survive the competition with 82 year old veteran airline company. However, with its striking approach of low fare Virgin Blue today covers 35% market share of the domestic aviation sector. By critically evaluating the financial indicators of both companies for the year 2002-2004 and also following the series of events, it becomes quiet clear that though Virgin Blue had started small it managed to cover 20% of the target ma rket in 2002.In further years concentrating only in the no frill travel it was able to hold the 30% of the market share, which became a matter of concern for Qantas because though it was making more profits then Virgin Blue it was losing it domestic market grip, therefore, led to the launch of Jetstar. However, even after the Launch of Jetstar Qantas performance was not like it was expected because in the year 2004 Qantas domestically carried only 2061 million passengers which were only 88 million more than the last year. However, with the necessary major changes (not disclosed by the company) Jetstar alone was able to regain the market share of 18.1% by March 2009.REFERENCE LISTGaylord, B. (2001). Qantas to Absorb Competitor As Fare War Takes a Victim. The New York Times Business Day. 11Shaw, J. (2004). World Business Briefing /Australia Airline Profit. The New York Times Business Day. Henly, G, S. (2004). Travel Advisory New Offshot of Qantas Offers Lower Fares. The New York Times Travel Danaher. J. P., Roberts. H. J., Roberts. K., Simpson. A. (2011). Applying a Dynamic Model of Consumer resource to Guide Brand Development at Jetstar Airways. Marketing Science, 30(4), 586 594. Doi 10.1287/mksc.1100.0619Traca. D., (2004). Virgin Blue Fighting With National Champion. INSEAD, 5179. Traffic and Capacity Statistics. Retrieved fromhttp//www.qantas.com.au/travel/airlines/investors-traffic-statistics/global/en Jetstar Media Centre. Retrieved fromhttp//www.jetstar.com/mediacentre/facts-and-stats/jetstar-groupNadler, D. (1977). cited in Cumming and Worley (2009). Organization development & change, 9th edition, South- Western Cengage Learning. Qantas annual report (2002). Retrieved from http//www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/2002AnnualReport.pdf Qantas annual report (2003). Retrieved from http//www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/2003AnnualReport.pdf Qantas annual report (2004). Retrieved from http//www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/20 04AnnualReport.pdf Virgin Blue annual report (2004). Retrieved fromhttp//www.virginaustralia.com/cs/groups/internetcontent/wc/documents/webcontent/edisp/annual-rpt-2004-a3.pdf

Psychology Case Studies Essay

According to the diathesis-stress model on that point are umteen things that seem to be able to unite to the anxiety dis position that Winnie has. As for the biological factors some of the issues could take on arise from Winnie spending her first three weeks of life in the neonatal intensive fright unit where it would be impossible for her to bond with her mom and have the typical bind experiences that occur with a newborn. Therefore Winnie would have a awkwarder time with feeling security and could have some dissolution anxiety as part of her biological make up of not being with her parents during those first few weeks for bonding time.Biologically it could be suggested that since she was having a hard time breathing and having the blue spells that her m early(a) talked about there could have also been some brain using or psychological damage from this. As for life experiences being factored into her issues with social anxiety there are many different experiences in her li fe that could be a part of this. One of these issues could have been the fact that she was not with her parents and in the intensive care unit.There are different studies and theories as to whether or not this would be considered a biological or a life experience factor in this case, for these purposes it is being leftover as a biological factor. When Winnie was real young and her mother had the two miscarriages and suffered depression and then suffered some side effects of the medications there would have been strain on Winnie as her mother would not have acted the same as she did prior to these instances.For a developing child at these ages there are many reasons to believe that this could cause permanent restoration for the childs confidence and ability to feel secure as this is the time when so many developments are taking place. Also the experience of Winnies friend moving away could have caused some of the social anxiety and some of the issues with her innate fear that some thing would happen to her mother when she was not rough. These different factors could relieve her social anxiety through the Diathesis-stress model. 2.The dissolution anxiety dis send can be explained through the behavioral perspective. The explanation would be that there are so many various factors that could affect a child which would have caused her to have these negative learned behaviors. When the mother was depressed and then agitated from the medications the child could have learned to stay quiet and to keep to herself in order to be able to manage her feelings and still have her mother be happy around her. Another explanation on this theory could have been that the mother might have rewarded the child for quiet play.When the childs friend suddenly locomote away the learned behavior might have been that someone can leave and never return. This would have taught the child to keep her mother close by in order to ensure that her mother would not be leaving and never coming back. Also when the mother gave her more attention for alternateing a enclothe the first time then it would explain how she ended up throwing fits each day as she was hoping to be rewarded by ruleting that extra time with her mother.As for her overall separation anxiety and treatment for it, it could be suggested that the child be enrolled in some play therapy where she could discuss her real fears and the sources of her fears with the therapist in order to be able to reassure her that things were okay. Also there could be some indications that the child would also benefit from a very set and scheduled daily and some reassurance from her mother in the form of a reward of some sort.The reward would be to reinforce positive behaviors for instance if she was able to not throw a fit and if she were able to be okay when her mother left her then she would be able to manage her feelings in some positive vogue (Cliffs Notes Behavioral). As for the cognitive perspective and the issue of Winnies separation anxiety, there are many factors that can be examined in order to explain the problems. The way that this perspective could be applied is through the ways that Winnie is interpreting and looking at things having to do with the separation of her mother.Since Winnie has spent her primary standard of time with her mother there is reason to believe that some of the problems could have to do with her father not being around her perception on what he is doing when he is not home since he is admittedly thinking about work much of the time when at home. Her perception might be that he is not really there for her and that he is not really able to be there for her on a regular basis. She might have a larger fear from some of the other issues occurring like that if her mother leaves she might not ever see her again after her perception that her friend left and she didnt see her either.As for her fear of something happening to her mother while she is gone, there are many rea sons to think that her mother could have a hard time without her. It could be questioned as to why she has this fear if something has happened to someone she knows or the content of the television programming that is being watched around her. Some of these things are because there seems to be a lot more to her perceptions and why she is so fearful of losing her mother. Some treatments that might be suggested in this case are family therapy.There could be a lot gained from Winnie understanding that both of her parents care about her well being and that both of them are dedicated to taking care of her. Some other treatment could be to monitor the familys television and to not allow Winnie to be in the room when viewing any type of movie traffic with death and also there could be some benefits from Winnie spending some quality time with her father (Garvy and Spoor). The psychodynamic perspective for child development would suggest that the separation anxiety as coming from Winnies inf ancy and her being separated from her parents during her first crucial weeks of life.This perspective would suggest that Winnie was unable to be without her parents and had such a large fear of being away from them because she was unable to bond with them during the first few weeks of her life and she had to be alone during this time as well. Also the separation of Winnie from her young friend would suggest that there were more issues to this than originally thought as there were many times when Winnie would not have been able to mathematical operation these thoughts.Also Winnies mother had commented that Winnie did not talk about this friend moving and not having this friend around. This is crucial as there are many reasons to believe that Winnie should have in some way expressed that she was upset about being separated from her friend and that she needed some reassurance which she did not get during this time as she had not asked for it. Through this perspective it is possible to conclude that Winnie would not have understood or known what to ask for in this berth (Van Morgan 2009).

To Kill a Mockingbird Article

The Tale of the Boo Jem Scout Maycomb County In the small neighborhood on my block lives a kinfolk that may or may not contain a malevolent phantom. This is the Radleys place. Dill, Scout, and I know the tale of this evil Boo Radley, and during the summer we share the tale of him to tell people of the tales. It started with one summer, when Dill dared me to go touch the Radleys house. Usually , we play out scenes of the stories of Arthur. As Dill says, I played old Mr.Arthur and walked up and down the sidewalked. Coughed when Jem, who played as Boo, talked to me. He went under the front steps and shrieked and howled from time to time. Reference to page 51-52 genus Atticus claims that we are tormenting Boo Radley, and says, You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk rough in it. Chapter 3 TKAM This time though, Dill took my book, The Gray, and I needed it back.He said he would give me my book back afterwards if I touched the Radleys house. When I went to touch the house though, the house was the same, droopy and sick, but as we stared down the street we saw an inside shutter move. Flick. A tiny, almost invisible movement, and the house was still. page 19, TKAM Another time, there was a fire at Miss Maudies house. Scout and I had to stay by the Radleys home, and we didnt up to now notice who put the blanket on Scout. Atticus says, Boo Radley.You were so busy looking at the fire, you didnt notice when he put the blanket around you. Page 96, TKAM Miss Maudie says, His name is Arthur and hes alive. Page 57, TKAM I dont believe it, I think hes been shortly and was stuffed up the chimney. And even if he is alive, why would he be cooped up in the Radleys house? Dill said this Why do you conceive of Boo Radleys never run off? Maybe he doesnt have anywhere to run off to Page 163? TKAM Whether Boo Radley is alive or dead, he is here.

Triple Bottom Line Approach

Green companies save m cardinaly and help the planet with a tercet bottom line approach Conventional wisdom says that organizations must choose between economic prosperity or environmental protection. Many business, however, are discovering that this is an outdated myth and there is no need to choose between one or the other. Energy efficiency projects that reduce utility costs, recycling initiatives that minimize bobble disposal fees, and elimination of wasteful practices that consume auteur resources are all win-win scenarios that save money and reduce the impact on the planet at the same time.When these initiatives are carried out in a fair and just manner towards employees or contractors, then a win-win-win scenario is achieved. This approach of increasing profitability and improving the environment, while military service the community well through fair employment practices, is known as the two-fold bottom line and is the core component for sustainability weapons platform s, sometimes referred to as corporeal social responsibility (CARS). The benefits of a triple bottom line approach to business are numerous.Many companies find that looking at their operations through a sustainability lens helps them identify opportunities that they were previously unaware of. Cost savings opportunities are identified that help drive waste out of organizations, reducing their environmental Impact. The benefits go beyond the obvious financial and environmental gains, however. Sustainability programs give companies an opportunity to distinguish themselves from their competitors.Studies show that employees want to work for socially responsible companies, so an effective sustainability program will aid In the recruiting of new hires. Proactively reducing harmful environmental practices can also potentially reduce liability and can keep organizations one step ahead of future regulatory changes that may restrict, or even outright ban, practices that are currently allowed. Future columns will provide many real-world examples of triple bottom line Initiatives that any company can Implement.

Luzhin will give Raskolnikov a job Essay

Raskolnikov saw the harsh dash in which Katerina treated Marmeladov and the horrible poverty they lived in. When he brought Marmeladov back he left some money for them because of their explicit need. Despite, he himself not being financially stable. He excessively reasoned that Sonya would need the money for her to make herself pretty so customers would come. He had many things in common with Sonya and as their life progressed they began to realize this. Raskolnikov could not relate to anyone later the murder except for Sonya. He felt a connection, which made him trust her and in time confess to her.Lizaveta was a dear friend to Sonya, who gave her a bible and a cross for Sonya to pray to. When Raskolnikov confessed to Sonya, she was not upset for Lizaveta but for his well being, which shows how more she cares for him. Raskolnikov views Sonya in the very(prenominal) circumstance as himself, both sinners. He believes this because she has this great believe in God but in the mean time she is a prostitute, which is ironic. Konstantin Mochulsky portrayed Sonya and Raskolnikov as guilty of damning her soul as he. You have ruined a life your own (its the very same thing). Konstantin says that the words in parentheses are filled with malice and a fiendish lie. To lay down ones life for ones fiendish the very same thing as destroying the life of ones neighbor (Miller, 97). Raskolnikov privations to make Sonya feel guilty about herself because he wants to leave with her. He wants to run absent from their problems since they both have a dreadful past here, so they can start a new future in a new place. Raskolnikov graduation exercise has to keep Dunya from marrying Luzhin. Dunya and Pulcheria have come to Raskolnikov so Dunya can get married to Luzhin, who is a businessman.Luzhin is mean, intolerant, and egotistical. He only wishes to marry Dunya because she is attractive, clever, but very poor and this conclave he believes will make her indebted to him. Dunya is engaged to this man but she is only suffering this for her brother. Pulcheria and Dunya would suffer and sacrifice anything for Raskolnikov but he doesnt want such responsibilities on his shoulders. They believe that Raskolnikov has the talent and intellectuality to become a wealthy man but he only needs an opportunity to prove himself, which is wherefore Dunya will marry this self-centered man, Luzhin.Luzhin will give Raskolnikov a job, if Dunya marries him. This agreement would make Dunya suffer and Raskolnikov sees this and will not allow her to put herself on the string for him. Dunya knows that she doesnt want to marry Luzhin and when he came to visit, he made it clear that he wants to be the superior to her. She and everyone else realized that he is a very lordly person and since he mistreated her brother, she cancelled the wedding. Luzhin believes that it was all Raskolnikovs fault and wants him to suffer.He wants to retaliate through Sonya. Luzhin goes to Sonya and gi ves her hundred rubles. He then goes to Katerina to tell her that Sonya take the money but Sonya was saved from his allegations when Lebezyatnikov came in and told them that he saw Luzhin give her the hundred rubles. Luzhin not only embarrassed himself but also made himself expect vindictive and unreliable. Luzhin in the end was suffering because of his heartlessness. Raskolnikov is becoming more paranoid and keeps on almost confessing, every time he is questioned.Porfiry Petrovich is an officer and suspects Raskolnikov of the double murder. all(prenominal) time the officer has a conversation with Raskolnikov, he gets so fearful and anxious that he has to leave in order to get his cool back. This shows that he is on the verge of confessing because guilt is overtaking his mind and soul. Raskolnikov only feels some normality when he is with Sonya. Sonya is vulnerable and he likes her kindness even though she also has a hard life. All the Characters in Crime and Punishment cause suf fering upon themselves.It is not done in an intentional way but after they suffer they begin to feel redemption. Marmeladov liked to suffer and only felt human when he got punished. Sonya, Dunya and Pulcheria suffered for the sake of their families because they believed that it was for a better cause. Luzhin suffered because he was too egoist to realize that he was hurting himself. Raskolnikov believed that he was murdering the pawnbroker for the sake of human kind but instead it ruined his life because he was consumed with guilt.The regret mainly came from putting to death the innocent sister, which made him isolate himself even more. The state of suffering that they all experienced was an escape. They knew what they were doing and felt bad or wrong about it. Suffering was their way of paying for their sins.Bibliography Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. New York Penguin Group, 1968. Malamud, Bernard. The Assistant. Oregon Farrar Strauss Giroux, 1957. Miller, Robin Feur. C ritical Essays on Dostoevsky. Boston G. K. Hall & Co. , 1986 90-100. http//dictionary. reference. com/search? q=suffering.

Analytical Essay – Even Wives Want a Wife

Even Wives necessity a Wife In immediatelys society the married woman is seen as the member of the sept that upkeeps the ho wasting disease and caters to others needs. Who wouldnt want one of these of their own? In I postulate a Wife the author Judy Brady sarcastically explains why everyone would want a wife. She begins with a story of how a friend of hers is newly single and he is looking for a wife although in reality he wants a servant Brady then realizes that she too wants a wife of her own (Brady 542).The main points made in the essay are what the wife would do for the author such as household chores, taking charge of children, catering to her friends and many other satirical duties. All the while several literary devices are use to enhance the article. She uses these elements to show sexist and selfish ideas of men that are prevalent in society. I trust a Wife efficiently reasons for how the male gender generalizes the role of a wife in a sexist way in our society by mak ing use of ethos, logos, pathos, satire and repetition.Ethos is utilise in the essay as Brady is a wife herself. Since she is she must nurse a certain expertise of macrocosm a wife. As she states in one of the beginning paragraphs I belong to that classification of people know as wives. I am a wife. And, not altogether incidentally I am a mother (Brady 542). This shows her credibility that all the jobs and duties she mentioned must sacrifice been personally experienced by her. The many jobs and chores discussed chip in the audience feel sympathy for wives and the author herself through pathos.The author concludes the essay by saying My god, who wouldnt want a wife (Brady 544)? This rhetorical question allows the readers to determine that this idea is wrong and treats women like a lesser being compared to men. The ending excessively evokes the reader to take action towards the topic. The author utilizes logos by stating many facts such as jobs women often do while speech produ ction through experience. She lists all of these over exaggerated duties to indirectly saying that women are count to do too much in todays society.Brady speaks of several seemingly unethical chores like cleaning the house, preparing dinner to serve to friends and not speaking when the husband is talking (Brady 543). This helps get her point across by exaggeration to show how the wife is expected to have a servant like persona. Brady uses satire from the beginning of the essay to the very end of it. It is in the main employ to show a male viewpoint of a wife. And I want a wife who understands that my sexual needs may entail more than strict adherence to monogamy.I must, after all, be competent to relate to people as fully as possible (Brady 544). Here the author satirizes the mans view of what the wife must do and what he should be able to do, which in this case is have various partners. The use of satire is very effective in this article demonstrating how a man expects to have a perfect wife further illustrating the authors image of sexism in society. Repetition is used in several of the authors paragraphs. I want a wife (Brady 543) is used in the beginning of a few paragraphs to catch your eye and to get Bradys idea burnt into your brain.This also helps as a smooth transition for the many duties described that the wife must do. Continually stating this idiomatic expression raises the thoughts of the audience making them want a wife as well. The author made fantastic use of literary devices throughout the essay. The effectiveness of satire to me was the most powerful using it to demonstrate how men expect so much from women and how many of the duties they perform are almost slave like. Ethos, logos and pathos were used successfully in many instances that appealed to the senses.As Brady is a wife and mother herself this apply her a credible origination so she clearly knows what she is speaking of. There was emotional appeal making the audience sympathi ze for the wife and feel anger towards men. Logic was used to show the wifes duties and what their husbands expect of them. In outcome I thought this was a very well thought out and written article because it attempts to make the reader want to take action against the topic through all of these elements.

”Oliver Twist” by Charles Dickens and ”Brick Lane” by Monica Ali Essay

Having read two Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and Brick Lane by Monica Ali, I am going to concentrate the metropolis question on Brick Lane. Brick Lane tells the story of Nazneen, an eighteen year old moved to capital of the United Kingdom from her plain upbringing in Bangladesh to Tower Hamlets, a close tight community of Bengali families living in blocks of flats struggling to get down their way up in the urban center to earn sufficient money and a civilised upbringing for their children, yet still yearning to go back to their home land. Nazneen is married to Chanu, 20 years older than her, he is educated yet earns his money working as a cab driver. This novel has clear descriptions of urban center look, the diversity of the landed landed estate within and how Nazneen interprets the metropolis from her point of view.There are many ways in which the actual circumstances of the urban center are depict in this novel, the different field of battles of the urban center of London are described from the block of flats where Nazneen lives to the big office blocks in the city soreness and soul.City manners in this novel begins with Nazneen describing the Tattoo lady who lives in the block of flats pivotal her, from here we be aim long-familiar with the lack of space and understand the rattling little room they nourish in the urban areas of London Most of the flats that closed three sides of a square had net curtains and the manners behind them was solely shapes and shadows. yet the tattoo lady had no curtains at all. Morning and afternoon she sat with her thighs spilling over the sides of her chair. By reading this, it is already traffic patterning an caprice of the main settings of the novel which are the block of flats, very cramped and close, very little sense of privacy. We also get an idea of the type of people living around the area as well, the tattoo lady is frequently mentioned in the novel, informing us that at least two t hirds of the flesh on show was covered in ink.A nonher clobber condition of the city we come across in this novel is when Nazneen actually considers visiting the tattoo lady at the flat opposite hers, however such is city life that Nazneen reconsiders this The tattoo lady might be angry at an unwanted interruption. Although this is not an actual object described in the city, from Nazneens thought we get an idea of the type of people she would come across whilst living in the city, it forms the surroundings of the narrative by mentioning Nazneens neighbours. Monica Ali also describes the smell of the surroundings where Nazneen lives The breeze on Nazneens face was thick with the smell from the replete communal bins. This literal condition most definitely helps to form the surroundings of the novel shaping the condition of the area where Nazneen lives.Although Monica Ali has focused on forming the surroundings of the city where Nazneen lives with the smell and the neighbours, she h as also formed the novel with the material conditions of inside the flat where Nazneen lives, in the novel Nazneen spends most of her time inside the flat to sit daytime after day inside this large box with the furniture to dust, and the muffled sound of private lives sure onward above, below and around her. By giving brief descriptions like this it shapes the scene of the narrative from the extraction of the novel, we are apprised of the furniture inside the flat, Nazneen mentions that she has never seen more furniture inside one room, with all this, we are already shaping the narrative with the material conditions inside of Nazneens flat.Whilst living in the city, Nazneen mentions exterior surroundings quite often, although she spends most of her time inside her flat or at Razias, whenever Nazneen has gone outdoor(a) the boundaries of her area, we as the are crapn more description of the actual city conditions There were more cars than people out here a roaring metal army tearing up the town. By describing the cars as an army tearing up the town, we potty immediately shape the city life of the narrative with the pollution and the noise of the cars. We can imagine the dirt and the hustle of the city. The people who passed walked, looked ahead at nothing or looked down at the pavement to negotiate puddles, litter and excrement. This was the material conditions of the city life which helped form the narrative, which helped give the reader an idea of the city life and scenes to which we can imagine Nazneen and her husband walking across.The social life in this novel also helps to form the material conditions of city life and the novel, Nazneens social life throughout the novel consisted of Mrs Islam and Razia gossiping astir(predicate) fellow women, she would often visit Razia at her flat, whilst going to Razias flat we are given descriptions of the surroundings within Nazneens boundary of her estate, we are conscious of the crowd of young Bengali me n who stood in the bottom of the stairwell, combing their hair and smoking or fashioning loud, sudden hoots this was the social life the young men had in the city, they would hang around in gangs not achieving much, Nazneen stayed within her boundaries as well, so it gives the reader an impression that social life within a city should be kept in the boundaries that you live in, like a safety barrier. We are also informed of the material conditions of the corridors and stairwells where Nazneen lives, the front doors are mentioned to be the same across the corridors peeling red paint screening splinters of pale wood, a rectangular panel of glass with wire meshing suspended inside, lucky rimmed keyholes and stern black knockers. On the wall someone had drawn a pair of commode in thick black pen this helps the reader to form a picture in their minds of the state of city life where Nazneen lives, The stairs gave off a tang of urineAlthough Nazneen is told to stay within the boundari es of the estate because if she went out people would talk and gossip about her, Nazneen did go out. This was when she got lost, and we as the readers gained more knowledge of the material conditions of city life which formed the narrative, we are told that to get to the other side of the street without being flash by a car was like walking out in the monsoon and hoping to dodge the raindrops. Immediately we can imagine the fast movement of the city, cars going past like buzzing bees, to cross the road, Nazneen waited next to a woman and stepped out with her, like a calf with its mother short descriptions like this form the material conditions of the city life in this novel so skilfully.Throughout the novel, we are not only informed of the material conditions of the city where Nazneen lives or around the area of Bethnal Green, we are also informed of the streets buildings past Brick Lane. She looked up at a building as she passed. It was constructed almost just of glass, with a fe w thin rivets of steel holding it together. The building was without end, above somewhere it crushed the clouds. The material conditions mentioned here are most entirely opposite to the towers described of Tower Hamlets. Although both scenes withstand very large buildings, the towers in the city centre are described as palaces, with entrances and colonnades across the front this was the diversity of the material conditions of city life which helped form the narrative, because the reader is informed that the city is not the same throughout, every area has its own distinctive features, some parts of the city are very well looked after whereas others such as where Nazneen lives are forget about.The material conditions of city life in the novel are mentioned to the reader in many ways, we are told of the people that Nazneen walks past when she goes to the city centre every back she saw, was on a private, urgent representation to execute a precise and demanding plan. They could not s ee her anymore than she could see God from this, we point out the independency of the people in the city. Soon Nazneen realises that she does not fit in with these working people, they are dress smart, they have coats and handbags whereas Nazneen has a cardigan and a sari, although Nazneen was dressed differently, only one woman noticed she was there and smiled at her. By giving details such as this, Monica Ali has formed and shaped the narrative according to city life, every person with its own mission.So far, throughout the novel, only roads and streets, people and buildings have been mentioned. barely when Nazneen does come across some greenery, she says in this city, a bit of grass was something to be guarded, fenced about, as if there were a sprinkling of emeralds sown in among the blades. This, yet again is another material condition of city life, although it is not unpleasant like the conditions in Nazneens area, green grass has not yet been mentioned up until now, and wh en it has the grass is guarded with fence, so from this, we can imagine the very few places in the city to unloose and enjoy the scenery. We also get the indication that in this novel, for Nazneen there is no place for her to get away from everything, the city would not pause even to shrug.Throughout the novel, the descriptions of the city and the buildings given to us by Nazneen have been described just as Nazneen saw them, however, later on in the novel, when Nazneens son becomes ill, whilst in the ambulance van, and with her fear for her son, she mentions The city shattered. Everything was in pieces. She knew it straight away, glimpsed it from the painful white insides of the ambulance. Just as Nazneens heart shattered in pieces, the city did too with her, so she is relating the material conditions of the city with her emotions and giving the reader an forecast of doom and gloom within the city. Although the material conditions described to us previously in the novel have been mostly doom and gloom anyway, Nazneen has only just implied the greyness and dullness of it along with her emotions. Frantic neon signs. Headlights chasing the dark.An office block, cracked with light. These shards of the broken city. Up until now the city was not mentioned as broken, it was just described as how Nazneen saw it, but now, we get the real image of the city, the material conditions which helped form the narrative The vitreous silica towers and red bricked tombs. The bare-legged girls shivering at the bus stop. Up until now, Nazneen had simply described the different dress principle of non Asian females, now that she saw they were at the bus stop bare legged in the proterozoic hours of the morning, Nazneen is ridiculed by them, she talks about them along with the broken city. She is giving the reader material conditions of the city which make it so grim. The well fed dogs and bloated pigeons. This is something Nazneen would never see in her homeland Bangladesh, dog s are of no splendour and pigeons always a pest. So now, we get to witness Nazneens interpretations of the material conditions of the city life, how she feels it is all terms compared to her land. The cars that had screamed alongside the ambulance, urging it on, parting in waves. The cars that had previously been described as an army now screaming, this clear shows the rage within Nazneen and the material city conditions which she so hates.Throughout the novel, London is not the only city mentioned, with Nazneens sister living in the city in Bangladesh, Dhaka, she often receives letters from Hasina talking about her home, and the surroundings Street is wide and nice. But plastic bag blowing everywhere. Walk in street for basketball team ten minute and by finish you cover in bag on legs and arm and stomach. From this we realise, that city conditions throughout the world are the same. The little things which give the city its status, the material conditions such as bags on the flo or is what makes living in a city so different to other places. A spark advance blew in over the courtyard and fetched up a crisp packet at her feet. Nazneen although she was in a different country to her sister, they were both in the same situation, both living in a city with material conditions such as rubbish on the pavements and non stopping people.To conclude, the material conditions of city life in Brick Lane are mentioned with such metaphors and descriptions which inform the narrative of the surroundings, the people, the scenery and the atmosphere within. The buildings described in so many ways, the smallest details found on the floors to the stairwells of the block of flats.

Journal Entry African American

Journal door of a Subordinate Group Member June 18th, 1963 Hello my precious unborn child. I am non really sure where to begin. The doctor is saying that I might not shew it through this maternity but they will force sure you live to see this crazy world that we live in. I want to make sure that you understand your history and where you come from What a journey our family has been through. They still go int make it easy for an African American Family. Here we atomic number 18 and we set disclose struggled just to make it here to the Deep South.We settled here in Ole Miss just similar lots of some other black folks and you would think that aft(prenominal) they freed us from slavery they could just leave us be. I guess I should tell you a little about who we are and what we have been through so you have a clearer understanding. Well it started when we got here. Brought over on ships, our family was slaves to the white folk right here in Mississippi. There have al commissio ns been stories told. Why, I remember when I was a little girl my naan telling us the story of Nat Turner. (1998) He went on a rebellion right here in the South. He was on a mission fighting for what he believed in.He may not have gone about it the right way but he fought until his death on October 30, 1831. After that it seemed to be one person after the next until in the long run Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This was issued in 1863. (1998)This was a chivalrous attempt at freeing the slaves here in the United States but it technically only freed slaves in the states that were under the jurisdiction of the Confederacy. You would think that would make things better. Nope There was a 12 year period after that that they worked seriously on trying to make things fair for us.Your great-great-grandma was around through the reconciliation period. She said that we were finally awarded citizenship and in 1870 an amendment went in that stated you could not deny us the right to vote beca enjoyment of our race. (1998) My great-Grandma told us that just when things started looking upIt got worse. The Democrats came in and changed everything. They started doing every thing that they could to rate us back to having no rights. however we as a race stayed as strong as we could. What you have to remember is that making our way in this world has been and remains a consistent struggle.We made leeway though A schoolboyish lady buy the name of Sophia Packard and Harriet Giles were able to establish a college for the Negros as the white folk like to call us. This was the first college for African American females. Spelman Colleges goal at the time was merely to drill black women to read and write. And that they have done. But here I sit in 1963. A 33 year old female who isnt sure what is going to be in her future. They call us free. I have to ask myself daily though, Am I really free? I typify we have separate schools. We eat in separate restauran ts. 2010) They give us totally different bathrooms to use and all this is because of the color of my skin. I look at this world and I think to myself, I put my clothes on the exact same way as everyone else. Should the color of our skin really make things so much different for us? Every single day we have leaders out there fighting for what is fair and what is right. Take Martin Luther King for instance. (2007) He is on a mission. He is trip of a group called the SCLC. (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) He has made major strides.I mean in Montgomery Alabama the black folks get to ride on the same buses with the same rights as the white folks. I can only go for that by the time that you grow up and are able to read and understand all this that you look at all this and have a hard time believing it. As I sit here and write to you and I look crossways the street of this tiny little home I live in I see the neighbors and in their front yard is a cross that someone has lit on fire. Why, because today he walked a white girl to school. Rumors started and now everyone knows that this little girl likes him.Yet he is being punished for it. It shouldnt matter. If there is one thing that you need to know and one thing that I can teach you through this letter it is to be you. Know yourself. Never let anyone tell you that you can not do something. Most importantly, remember that loves has no boundaries. It sees no color. It does not understand hate. It does not segregate nor does it discriminate. I hope that you never have to endure the hardships that we have to endure during these trying times. Always remember to live with no regrets and never look back I love you with all my heart-Momma Works Citied varlet African American Slavery (1998) Long Island University Retrieved from http//www. liu. edu/cwis/CWP/library/aaslavry. htmturner Timeline Search for African American annals (2010) Google Search Engine http//www. google. com/search? q=african+american+history& hl=en&sa=X&tbo=p&tbs=tl1,tll1850,tlh1899&ei=lrPUS9avLoK78gbfpL3qDw&oi=timeline_histogram_nav&ct=timeline-histogram&cd=8&ved=0CIcBEMkBKAg History of African Americans Information Please Database. (2007) Pearson Education, Inc. Retrieved from http//www. infoplease. com/spot/bhmtimeline. hypertext mark-up language

Lab Report Analysis

Memorandum TO Emma Mackenzie, Writing Instructor Montana tech FROM Sarah Hambidge, Montana Tech Student DATE 6 November 2012 SUBJECT science testing ground Report Analysis This memorandum proposes the observations and claims I collected from reviewing three unlike research testing groundoratory get overs. Three fields of study argon collected within this memo that includes galvanizing Engineering, Environmental Engineering, and Petroleum Engineering. Electrical Filters, (Electrical), written by Joe Schmoe, is a testing ground report made by a student at a university.The College Board produced an environmental science laboratoryoratory report named, supervise Air Quality, (Air), for the purpose of student education as a lab template. Monitoring Air Quality was written by Dr. Angela C. Morrow who graduated from the University of Northern Colorado. Within the Energy Engineering field, I demonstrate, NETL Extreme Drilling laboratory Studies high temperature drilling Phenom ena. (NETL). This lab was created by the U. S. Department of Energy and was found in the work of the U. S. Government. This lab report was written by K.David Lyons, Simone Honeygan, and Thomas Mroz. All three lab reports features accept been comp ard and contrasted using analytical techniques in this memo. Observation of Whole Document All three documents ar close in terms of length of paper. They are in the range between 6 and 9 pages long. The NETL Drilling High Pressure High Temperature Drilling Phenomena and Electrical Filters lab reports have 4 or 5 figures to represent the purpose of the lab report. The Air Quality lab only has one figure, a picture of a tree.College Boards Monitoring Air Quality figures were labeled underneath the pictures in regular font. The rock oil lab report used bold lettering underneath the figures. The electrical reports figures were labeled with italics underneath the picture as healthful. * Paragraph styles All three labs take issue strongly when it comes to the style of how the splits were written. Drilling lab reports within Petroleum Engineering are most elaborate and long. The petroleum lab report has 3 paragraphs in the Abstract plane section while the other two reports have one short paragraph.The Petroleum lab includes specific numerical details such as different depths, fluid pressures, and temperatures. The other reports did not include quantities inside the opening paragraph that is why Drilling labs are to a greater extent elaborate and precise when it comes to representing in fix upion. As a endorser is reading the NETL Drilling Lab, they could be more confused than reading the other two labs. The quantities are not explained how they are derived in truth well, so this could contri thate in a comprehension problem for a basic reader.I think this would make a reader with basic comprehension levels frustrated. * Headings According to the example lab report(Doyoyo,2002), paragraph titles should follow this dress in monastic order of title page, Abstract, Experimental Procedure, Results, Discussion, terminus, Appendices, and References. The lab report composed by the College Board follows this format most concisely. The College Boards paragraphs are titled Abstract, Objectives, Introduction, Materials, Procedure, Data/Observations, Analysis, and Additional Resources.The procedure in this report is quite long because it has 3 hired gun headings within it that precede three different subjects. The analysis goes quite in depth as well and has 2 different parts in it. The electrical lab report follows a similar paragraph order Objective, Background, Experiment, Results, Conclusion, and References. The ground paragraph is 2 pages long this is longer than any of the other documents. I commit in order to completely comprehend this document, you would have to know a great deal of background and have expierence in this field.The petroleum drilling lab report similarly follows a differen t format Abstract, Introduction, Acknowledgments, and References. TheNETL Drilling lab stands come to the fore from the rest of the labs too because between the introduction and acknowledgments, there are 4 paragraphs that explain descriptions, efforts, and future plans. This lab is farthest from following the standard lab report format. The NETL Drilling Lab was written by the government so they may follow a stricter lab format than they memorise in schools. They might make up their own order of headings and paragraphs because they are on top of the chain. instance choice The NETL lab Report uses ten point font in Times New Roman. The Electrical Engineering lab Report uses Times New Roman as well merely its look-alike spaced and typed in twelve point font. The environmental lab uses Calibri with twelve point font and denary spaces between every paragraph. The NETL lab is the most professional looking lab because it looks egg and fits more info within a page than the other l abs. A reader could get the most information out of the NETL lab because it is constructed elaborately but also concisely. Overall tone The NETL lab has by far, most positive tone of voice. The lab created by the College Board is built for mainly educational purposes wherefore it uses a littler vocabulary for easier understanding. The Electrical lab report was made by students so its not that complex. The NETL lab is professional because it is a work of the government. This lab uses many big words, acronyms, references within text, and many numerical conversions. The lab written by students has the least informal tone, most likely because they are least educated.Reading the Electrical Filters Lab could leave a reader lost in some places, and readers may want to read a different lab on Electrical Filters written by a doctor or person with a professional degree. * Repetition The College Board lab report uses repititon the most because it was created by doctors and doctors are very precise with representing information. It often repeats, Please see APs licensing for AP Questions and Materials. It also repeats, Clean Air Act, NAAQS, gypsum, and air persona laws. Within the procedure the paragraphs are repetitive as well.The Electrical lab is the least repetitive but it did repeat input and output signal values. The petroleum lab repeats drilling terms and the process of incomprehensible drilling. I think the repetition in all of the labs was necessary because a basic reader would lead to be reminded of the information to smoothly flow through reading the documents. Sections The sections within the 3 lab reports differ in body. Some are more like Markels sample(Markel,2010) than others. * Abstract The petroleum lab and environmental reflect the major focus of the lab well.The abstract concisely communicates the purpose of the lab, the approach, the results, and the significances of the findings. The electrical lab doesnt have an abstract but sometimes instr uctors do not require an abstract section. The environmental lab does a better job at writing the abstract because its shorter and more direct to the point, therefore easier to understand. * Introduction The petroleum lab does the worst at the introduction. Markel (Markel, 2010, ch10), says the purpose of the lab is clearly stated. The petroleum lab is sort of confusing.It says, The purpose of this paper and industry projects 1-5 deep come up are defined as wells drilled for oil and gas having true vertical depth (TVD) greater than 15,000 feet (4572 meters. ) The electrical report is more to the point, for example, The objective of this lab is to build and test a first order, low-pass filter with resistors and capacitors. The Environmental labs purpose statement is, At the end of this lab, you will be able to describe and discuss several(prenominal) air pollutants and methods for detecting them. The environmental lab is a lab template so it is written in a future tense format rath er than past tense like the other labs. Conclusion In reading this memo, I hope you understand my findings an key points about the three lab reports I analyzed. Electrical Filters, by Joe Schomoe, was poorly written compared to the other lab reports. It did properly use its figures and the abstract section was written correctly. This document was hard to read because the background was very long and in depth. This document also was least appealing to the eye because the lack of professionalism.College Boards Monitoring Air Quality boilers suit did well as serving the major purpose as a lab template for students. as yet this lab needs more figures and pictures because it only has one figure. The College Board also followed Markels lab format the closest. The repetition used by this lab made the whole document flow more as reading. The NETL Extreme Drilling Laboratory Studies High Pressure High Temperature Drilling Phenomena, is the most professional and formal written document comp ared to the other two labs.It did not follow the normal lab report format, but it contained many helpful figures and tables. This lab can be confusing because it is so complex, but most information and data can be obtained from reading this lab report. References * Doyoyo, September 19, 2002, 13. 014J/1. 052J Helpful instructions on how to preserve a mechanics lab report. * Markel, 2010 Chapters 6,7,9,10,18, Appendix B related to APA documentation * Unit 3 Topics Checklist * (Electrical)

Afrocentricity, Race, and Reason

Afrocentricity, Race, and Reason A Response to the Literature Chizi Igwe Introduction to Afri standa Studies 101, Section 2 Dr. Kalubi whitethorn 8, 2010 Afrocentricity, Race, and Reason A Response to the Literature Background Information The philosophy of Afrocentricity is not a recent growth. Its history can be traced to many precursor theories and ideologies. There were many intellectuals who hurt researched and theorized about Afrocentricity during its development. These intellectuals overwhelm names much(prenominal) as Alexander Crummell, Marcus Garvey, Ida B.Wells-Barnett, and Willie Abraham (Asante). Among more contemporary intellectuals, there is Chinwelzu, Wade Nobles, Kariamu Welsh Asante, and Cheikh Anta Diop (Asante). This by no means is not an exhaustive list, but simply a sample of activists/intellectuals who have helped to nail down the Afrocentric way of thinking. Afrocentricity is an ideology meant to be used as a restorative factor for Africans in Diaspora. It represents the orifice of intellectual maturity, a distinct way of glanceing reality (Asante). This school of ruling opens new and professional avenues to understanding humans.Through the research on Afrocentricity done by the intellectuals and writers listed above, they hoped it would set as a vehicle to judgment of dismissal for Africans. Among them, there was a general consensus that ethnic, social, governmental, and economic liberation desperately needed in the African familiarity would only be realized through the re-centering of the African mind. Though the Afrocentric idea had been an emerging philosophy for or so time, Afrocentricity as a literary practice and critical theory was not apparent until the publishing of deuce central books.These books were Textured Women, Cowrie Shells, Cowbells, and Beetlesticks by Kariamu Welsh in 1978 and Afrocentricity, by Molefi Kete Asante in 1980 (Asante). These survives had different inspirations. Welshs work was inspired by her choreographic technique c alled umfundalai while Asantes work was rooted in his experience with the Los Angeles Forum for Black Artists (Asante). Though these whole kit had different bases, two kit and boodle were the first intentional acts by authors to explain the theory as well as emphasize liberation.Both works had the purpose of re-establishing African agency as the main core of sanity within the African community. utilisation and Importance One driving fair gameive of the Afrocentric theory was to alter the subject-place of Africans in the social and literary context. In the opinion of Asante, this change was the only option for African people, who were ruled by the constraints of white racial subordination (Asante). This objective focused around two central questions 1. How do we see ourselves and how have others seen us? 2.What can we do to regain our own accountability and to move beyond the intellectual plantation that constrains our economic, cultural, and intel lectual development? The Afrocentric philosophy sought to answer these questions as well as change the position of the African. The Afrocentric idea was characterized by five main characteristics 1) An intense interest in psychological location as determined by symbols, motifs, rituals, and signs. 2) A commitment to finding the subject-place of Africans in any social, political, economic, or religious phenomenon with implications for questions of sex, gender, and class. ) A defense of African cultural elements as historicly valid in the context of art, music, and literature. 4) A celebration of centeredness and agency and a commitment to lexical refinement that eliminates pejoratives about Africans or other people. 5) A powerful imperative from historical sources to revise the collective text of African people. The argument for Afrocentricity certainly has certainly not developed without opposition and critique. These oppositions were not surprising because they came at a time when many concepts were challenging the Eurocentric perspective.The Europeans argument of objectivity issues and subject-object duality come from the alleged supremacy of the European construction in the political world. In The Afrocentric Idea, Asante wrote, Objectivity is a sort of collective subjectivity of Europeans. The driving force behind the claim of objectivity is an attempt to conserve the status quo (Asante). The ancient African Egyptian term called seba means the conclude style of the people (Asante). The reasoning style of the Europeans was an attempt to keep things as status quo, to lock Africans in their way of thinking.On the surface, this act may not seem detrimental, but the European reasoning just acted as a method to prolong the circumstances Africans found themselves in. It hindered all possibilities of African liberation. Formula for Change Afrocentricity aims to aggravate a change one way to make this change happen was by shifting to a subject-subject relatio nship as opposed to a subject-object one. If this shift didnt occur, Africans would always remain in the object place without an opportunity for growth. However, this would not be an easy task in a society so driven by a racist construction of white supremacy over black inferiority.This white-subject black-object prototype was relevant in different subjects such as sociology, philosophy, and literature. In this way, Europe and Europeans presented a danger for Africans both a psychological and cultural danger (Asante). This was the type of danger that kills a peoples spirit and according to Asante, a peoples soul is dead when it can no longer stay its own air and when the air of another culture seems to smell sweeter (Asante). In order for this subject-subject shift to occur, Africans place and contributions to history have to be acknowledged.Europeans have had a dismissive mental attitude towards Africans accomplishments and activities. They 1) generally refused to allow the st udy of any knowledge that they do not give (Asante). 2) A number of white scholars tend to be limited in their interest to subjects that are worthy to the European project of self-glorification and triumphalism (Asante). Finally, to view Africa as a subject in history or as the starting place for an examination of anything is anathema to those who have always ignored the role of Africa (Asante).The Afrocentric school of thought has fought to combat these boundaries by giving the permission to investigate all aspects of Africas presence and involvement in the world. To change the status quo, Afrocentricity must serve as both a corrective factor and a critique. Africans throughout the world including the the Statess have experienced the sensation of dislocation. Through the act of re-centering the African person and making them an agent, we shed the belief of the unquestioned European domination. In that way, it serves as a corrective factor.Afrocentricity also strives to critique t he process and the extent of the dislocation of African peoples that was the result of the domination of the Europeans in all matters. In order to change the circumstances, Afrocentricity calls for the definition of Africans by their own terms, centered on an African ideology as opposed to the European definition and marginalization of Africans in history as well as currently. Response The concept of the European dominated ideology and their concept of objectivity is very apparent to me.Though the clause was addressing these concepts from a historical perspective, I believe they are still relevant today. It is evident for example in the teaching of history in schools. Many students are introduced to only a summarized view of black and African history in its relation to the United States and the world as a whole. There is a majuscule emphasis put on the history and accomplishments of Europeans and Americans so therefore it would be easy based on the educational system to assume Afri cans made no significant contributions.The question that was raised, How do we see ourselves and how have other seen us? is a very important question. Though I believe there has been a change from the past to now, I still believe a major part of how we view ourselves is derived from how Europeans view us. In some ways, they still cultivate our impressions for us. An example would be the music industry. Many music videos and images pictured about black people display negative images, and many black people in America fall into believing those stereotypes themselves.In my opinion, the Afrocentric ideology, the centeredness on African perspectives, is vital. There will be no complete African liberation until Africans agree on this perspective. Without it, there are many people floating(a), not knowing where they belong. This phenomenon makes the perpetuation of European racial supremacy able to continue. The reference to the psychological and cultural danger of Europe resonated with m e because it is evident in African culture all over the world.Through the advent of institutions such as slavery, colonization, segregation, etc, Europe and Europeans have had an overly powerful impact in changing and shaping African cultures in a way that distances it from its roots. The five characteristics of Afrocentric idea listed in the article I believe should serve as guidelines of brining the focus back on the African agent. Works Cited Asante, Molefi. Afrocentricity, Race, and Reason. In M. Marable (Ed. ), Dispatches from the Ebony Tower (pp-195-203). unfermented York Columbia U. P.

Immigration reform and economic growth Research Paper

in-migration cleanse and economicalal growth - Research Paper Examplending immigration reform argon also provided via an interview with Tamar Jacoby, the president and CEO of Immigration Works USA, and an immigration insurance columnist for the LA Times. Essentially, this research paper hypothesizes and demonstrates that large immigration reform can both satisfy the American economys need for workers peculiarly in sectors like agriculture, construction, and the service industry and at the same time establish a statutory framework to regulate the inflow of migrants to the U.S. II. Background The importance of immigration reform to the U.S. is highlighted by Jacoby in a semi-structured interview with the researcher. In her capacity as an immigration policy columnist and the president and CEO of Immigration Works USA, Jacoby notes that immigration is a very important issue for the U.S., peculiarly in the campaigns leading up to recent 2012 presidential election. Moreover, ear ly(a) countries contract been making significant progress integrating immigrants in a way that promotes multiculturalism and, in doing so, occupy integrated immigrants more acceptably into the national workforce with the results that immigrants in other countries are increasingly becoming productive members of the community. In this regard, according to Jacoby, the U.S. has a lot of room for gain and growth in terms of immigration reform and its socio-economic improvement. Jacobys observation of the significance of immigration reform in the U.S., and the room for improvement, is supported by the background facts. With the 2012 presidential elections approaching, the focus on the dire order of the U.S. economy took center stage. Both sides were more fixated on short-term solutions such as tax reductions, upward(a) infrastructure, reducing government... This paper offers a comprehensive review of watercourse immigration policy of the United States, and adduces arguments in favor of the immigration reform. This paper demonstrates this need for economic reform by tracing the history and current developments in immigration policies and laws and their consequences for the U.S. economy and the lives of illegal immigrants. For the most part, illegal immigrants take on unskilled jobs, particularly in domestic and agricultural industries that Americans are unwilling to take. However, as a result of their illegal status, they are denied the protection that legal workers are guaranteed and thus are often exploited and underpaid. The current immigration policy and laws in the U.S. focus on border control and enforcement as opposed to taking an approach that would allow immigrants and thus improve wages offered to low-skilled workersThe U.S. has always premised its economic policies on the free hunting expedition of goods and capital. The free movement of services and people via immigration reform cannot be distinguished from the free movement of goods and capital. It is in economic interests of the U.S. to reform immigration policies in a way that focuses on opening paths to immigration, Reforms should accord amnesty to those immigrants who have been living in the U.S. for at least five years, provided they are not threatening national security. Those who have been living in the U.S. for at least three years would be subject to removal with an prospect to re-enter the U.S. legally.

Corporate Governance & Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Corporate Governance & Ethics - Case Study typefaceThe drugs manufactured by the company targets diseases such as asthma, viruses, infectious diseases, diabetes and digestion related complications (Mathew, 2011). The drug Industry controls a satisfying amount of the global revenue with drugs constituting over 10% of medical cost in the get together States. It is also considered as one of the fastest growing segment in the world economy with significant research being conducted with pharmaceutical giants like GlaxoSmithKline international. A hail of patents and good issues that guide the processes of drug discovery, clinical trials and marketing control the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, ethical issues that guide the pharmaceutical industry will be analysed with emphasis placed on the practices of GSK and how lapses in the ethical practices has affected its ability to market high smell products. The processes of ensuring ethical practices within pharmaceutical discoveri es, marketing and post market surveillance will also be evaluated to identify how GSK failed to prevent future ethical dilemmas. Ethical mistakes and conducts countenance a number of consequences on the report card of a company as it affects the attitude of the market towards the company. The paper will also evaluate the impacts of ethical lapse at GSK on the market and how this affected the sales and market control. GlaxoSmithKline scandal also occurred in sections of china and this was revealed following an investigative report released by the Chinese government. This paper will also render detailed description on why the GSK scandal happened on china and the impacts that the scandal affected the temper of the company in china (Mathew, 2011). Ethical lapses and their impacts at GSK Ethical issues and litigation affects the position of a trustworthy and the credibility of its products especially if the lawsuit against the company succeeds. A number of ethical lapses at GSK hav e been attributed to change magnitude litigation claims against the company and these have had significant effects on the quality of their products and the market response. A wide-eyed range of criticism have been levelled against GSK for lack of adherence to drug testing and safety issues and this has resulted to a number of litigation measures which have consumed a significant amount of the total revenue generated by the company. Chief among the accusations that have been made against the company include intentional marketing of drugs with detrimental impacts on the health of patients. One of the chief(prenominal) ethical misconducts that have had significant impact on the reputation of the company is the end product of avandia drug in Cidra Puerto Rico. A report by Cheryl Eckard in 2010 revealed a number of ethical lapses in the doing processes at the GSK plant in Cidra, Puerto Rico. Eckard, a quality assurance manager employed by GSK was assigned to pass judgment the manuf acturing conditions of the companies processing plant in Puerto Rico. In her report, she indicated the wanting condition of the processing plant and recommended for the halting of the production immediately to allow for a review and upgrading of the plant. However, this recommendation was ignored by the plant supervisor, who allowed for continued production and sales of the drugs despite the dilapidated condition of the plant. Despite her recommendations, which were meant both, improve the production pr